Children and adolescents: Rural Health Research Products & Journal Articles

2024

Identifying Rural Health Clinics Within the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files
Policy Brief
Maine Rural Health Research Center
Date: 03/2024
This brief describes a methodology for identifying Rural Health Clinic encounters within the Medicaid claims data using Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files.

2023

Rural School- and Community-Based Programs Supporting LGBTQ+ Youth
University of Minnesota Rural Health Research Center
Date: 02/2023
The purpose of this case series is to highlight youth-focused and school- and community-based organizations that affirm and support LGBTQ+ individuals in their rural communities. These may serve as examples to others considering this work.

2022

Rural-Urban Differences in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Prior to and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From the National Survey of Children's Health
Policy Brief
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 11/2022
This policy brief analyzes data from a large national sample of children and adolescents to examine similarities and differences between rural and urban mental health outcomes prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic and offers considerations for policy and program development.
Rural-Urban Differences in Child and Adolescent Access to and Receipt of Mental Health Services Prior to and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From the National Survey of Children's Health
Policy Brief
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 09/2022
This policy brief analyzes data from a large, national sample of children and adolescents to examine gross inter-group similarities and differences and offer timely recommendations for alleviating the youth mental health crisis.
Examining the Association Between Rurality and Positive Childhood Experiences Among a National Sample
Journal Article
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 08/2022
Using the full National Survey of Children's Health with all 50 states and the District of Columbia, this study examined rural-urban differences in positive childhood experiences.
County-Level Availability of Obstetric Care and Economic Implications of Hospital Closures on Obstetric Care
Policy Brief
Center for Economic Analysis of Rural Health
Date: 07/2022
This policy brief draws out demographic and economic differences between counties with obstetric care facilities and those without. It provides descriptive data on the economic changes underway in counties that lost obstetric care facilities between 2012 and 2019.
Rural Children With 4+ Adverse Childhood Experiences Often Lack Positive Experiences
Fact Sheet
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 07/2022
This research explored the proportion of rural children with adverse childhood experiences who lack positive childhood experience exposure.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Adverse and Positive Childhood Experiences Across Rural Communities: Results From the National Survey of Children's Health
Policy Brief
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 05/2022
This study examined whether ACE and PCE exposure varied by race/ethnicity, among rural children, finding that there were higher rates of four or more ACEs among racial/ethnic minority children.
Rates and Trends of Childhood Overweight/Obesity in the United States and South Carolina
Fact Sheet
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 03/2022
The goal of this project was to estimate childhood overweight/obesity rates across the United States at the region, state, and county level.
Disparities in Prenatal Immunization Rates in Rural and Urban U.S. Areas by Indicators of Access to Care
Journal Article
Southwest Rural Health Research Center
Date: 02/2022
This study evaluates variations in immunization rates among pregnant women across the urban-rural continuum. Results indicate pregnant women in rural areas more commonly rely on Medicaid to fund prenatal care but are less likely to have full or expanded access to Medicaid. This finding may contribute to immunization uptake disparities.
Rural-Urban Differences in Adverse and Positive Childhood Experiences: Results From the National Survey of Children's Health
Policy Brief
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 01/2022
This brief examines the types and counts of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and positive childhood experiences (PCEs) for rural and urban children. The study reports on the differences between rural and urban ACEs and PCEs across all fifty states and the District of Columbia.

2021

Implementation of Telehealth Services in Rural Schools: A Qualitative Assessment
Journal Article
Rural Telehealth Research Center
Date: 11/2021
This study explores facilitators and barriers to implementation of telehealth programs in rural schools and identifies strategies for successful implementation to inform future school-based telehealth initiatives. Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 50 key personnel involved in the School-Based Telehealth Network Grant Program.
Estimates of Childhood Overweight and Obesity at the Region, State, and County Levels: A Multilevel Small Area Estimation Approach
Journal Article
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 06/2021
The goal of this study is to create a map of county-level obesity rates at the regional, county, and state levels.
Influenza and Pertussis Vaccination Rates Among Pregnant Women in Rural and Urban Areas
Policy Brief
Southwest Rural Health Research Center
Date: 04/2021
This policy brief evaluates the receipt of influenza and pertussis vaccines from 2012-2018 among pregnant women in rural and urban areas of the U.S. Furthermore, it examines whether pregnant women during this this same period received influenza vaccine recommendations from their healthcare providers.
Trends in Singleton Preterm Births by Rural Status in the U.S., 2012-2018
Policy Brief
Southwest Rural Health Research Center
Date: 04/2021
This brief examines singleton preterm birth rates by rurality and across census regions in the U.S. It also studies the relationship between singleton preterm birth and several maternal characteristics among women who lived in counties with various rurality levels from 2012-2018.

2020

Substance Use Among Rural and Urban Youth and Young Adults
Policy Brief
Maine Rural Health Research Center
Date: 11/2020
This study uses national data to examine rural-urban differences in the rates of substance use among youth and young adults. Findings can help inform rural-specific prevention strategies and research targeting rural communities.
Development of a National Childhood Obesogenic Environment Index in the United States: Differences by Region and Rurality
Journal Article
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 07/2020
This study developed a novel childhood obesogenic environment index and highlighted important regional and rurality differences across U.S. counties.
Process of Identifying Measures and Data Elements for the HRSA School-Based Telehealth Network Grant Program
Policy Brief
Rural Telehealth Research Center
Date: 06/2020
This brief details work to identify measures and develop data elements appropriate to school-based telehealth, create an Excel-based tool, and systematically collect data from grantees in the Health Resources and Services Administration's School-Based Telehealth Network Grant Program.
Are Rural Infants Benefiting From Woman, Infants, and Children (WIC) Food Package Rule Changes? Breastfeeding and Infant Feeding Behaviors
Policy Brief
Southwest Rural Health Research Center
Date: 02/2020
This study compared breastfeeding initiation for rural and urban Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participants before and after the changes in WIC Food Packages (WIC-FPs). In addition, changes in breastfeeding and infant feeding practices before and after changes in WIC program benefits were explored.
Spatial Clustering Patterns and Regional Variations for Food and Physical Activity Environments Across the United States
Journal Article
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 01/2020
This study examined spatial patterns of obesogenic environments for U.S. counties. We mapped the geographic dispersion of food and physical activity (PA) environments, assessed spatial clustering, and identified differences across regions and rurality categories. This study highlights geographic clustering and disparities in food and PA access.

2019

Development of a Childhood Obesogenic Environment Index
Policy Brief
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 08/2019
The purposes of this study were to describe the development of a childhood obesogenic environment index and examine differences in obesogenic environment index values by rurality and region across the U.S.
Pediatric Tele-Emergency Care: A Study of Two Delivery Models
Journal Article
Rural Telehealth Research Center
Date: 04/2019
This study describes two tele-emergency programs that provide care to pediatric populations. Qualitative descriptions of the two tele-emergency department (ED) models and key characteristics of the patient populations served by tele-ED are presented. The study informs others about evaluative measures and how tele-ED works in practice.
Rural-Urban Differences in the Decline of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking
Journal Article
Maine Rural Health Research Center
Date: 03/2019
Comparing survey data from 2008-2010 with 2014-2016, we examined change over time in cigarette smoking among rural and urban adolescents. We found that both rural and urban rates declined, but the decrease was smaller in rural counties, which widened the rural-urban gap in adolescent smoking rates.

2017

The Role of Public Versus Private Health Insurance in Ensuring Health Care Access & Affordability for Low-Income Rural Children
Policy Brief
Maine Rural Health Research Center
Date: 01/2017
Medicaid and CHIP have played a critical role in ensuring access to health coverage among children –particularly rural children. This study examines rural-urban differences in children's access to care, and their families' perceived affordability of that care among those enrolled in Medicaid or CHIP, and those with private insurance plans.
Trends in Rural Children's Health and Access to Care
Chartbook
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 01/2017
The past ten years have seen positive trends in the availability of health insurance coverage for children. This project examines data from three iterations of the National Survey of Children's Health to see if rural children have benefited equally from any improvements in health insurance, healthcare use, and health status.

2016

Current State of Child Health in Rural America: How Context Shapes Children's Health
Journal Article
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 09/2016
Provides an essay on the status of children in rural America that focuses on the rural environment that may affect health.
Adverse Childhood Experiences in Rural and Urban Contexts
Policy Brief
Maine Rural Health Research Center
Date: 04/2016
This study was designed to address the gap in the literature examining rural-urban differences in adults' exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and to inform health system initiatives geared toward mitigating the impacts of ACEs on rural populations.

2015

Rural Area Deprivation and Hospitalizations Among Children for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions
Journal Article
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 10/2015
Evaluates inpatient hospitalizations among children in nine states to determine the effect of rurality and social/economic advantage on health outcomes and health disparities.
Area Deprivation Is Higher Among Rural Counties - But Not All Rural Counties Are Deprived
Policy Brief
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 08/2015
This brief is one of two on the role of residence/community deprivation on potentially avoidable hospitalizations (PAH) of children. It details development of an area deprivation index, examines area deprivation across all U.S. counties, and describes findings when applied to rates of PAH among a nine-state sample of children.
The Intersection of Residence and Area Deprivation: The Case of Hospitalizations From Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Among Children
Policy Brief
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 08/2015
This brief is the second in a series providing information on the role of residence and community deprivation on potentially avoidable hospitalizations among children. This brief describes the findings from a nine-state sample of children's hospitalizations and discusses the potential implications for rural health research and policy.

2014

Health Insurance Coverage of Low-Income Rural Children Increases and Is More Continuous Following CHIP Implementation
Policy Brief
Maine Rural Health Research Center
Date: 03/2014
This study found that following the Children's Health Insurance Program's (CHIP) implementation, health insurance coverage and continuity increased among low-income children, particularly for those living in rural areas. By CHIP's maturity, coverage for rural children improved so much that their uninsured rate dropped below that of urban children.

2013

Inadequate Prenatal Care Among Racial and Ethnic Groups in the Rural United States, 2005
WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
Date: 10/2013
This brief reports that in most states, rural minority racial/ethnic groups had levels of inadequate prenatal care (less than 50% of expected visits) in the "worst" or "worse than mid-range" categories.
Inadequate Prenatal Care in the Rural United States, 2005
WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
Date: 10/2013
This policy brief finds that the states with levels of rural inadequate prenatal care (less than 50% of expected visits) in the "worst" or "worse than mid-range" categories were largely in southern and southwestern areas of the United States.
Low Birth Weight Rates Among Racial and Ethnic Groups in the Rural United States, 2005
WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
Date: 10/2013
Reports that non-hispanic blacks generally had the highest rural low birth weight rates of all races/ethnicities, regardless of geographic location.
Low Birth Weight Rates in the Rural United States, 2005
WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
Date: 10/2013
This brief shares that the rural U.S. low birth weight rate in 2005 was significantly higher than the urban U.S. low birth weight rate.
Patterns of Care for Rural and Urban Children With Mental Health Problems
Maine Rural Health Research Center
Date: 06/2013
This study reports that rural children are significantly less likely to be diagnosed and treated for non-ADHD mental health problems than urban children and are less likely to receive mental health counseling.
Dental Sealant Utilization Among Rural and Urban Children
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 03/2013
This report examines the proportion of rural children who have received dental sealants applied to the surface of their teeth to prevent or delay the development of dental decay.

2012

Childhood Asthma in Rural-Urban Areas
Policy Brief
West Virginia Rural Health Research Center
Date: 06/2012
This policy brief examines how asthma may be related to rural areas adjacent or non-adjacent to larger population centers, to variation in measures of air quality, to varying levels of agricultural and animal production, and to other characteristics such as obesity, race/ethnicity, or health insurance.
Childhood Asthma in Rural-Urban Areas (Final Report)
West Virginia Rural Health Research Center
Date: 05/2012
This report examines how asthma may be related to rural areas adjacent or non-adjacent to larger population centers, to variation in measures of air quality, to varying levels of agricultural and animal production, and to other characteristics such as obesity, race/ethnicity, or health insurance.
State Policy Levers for Addressing Preventive Dental Care Disparities for Rural Children: Medicaid Reimbursement to Non-Dental Clinicians for Fluoride Varnish and Dental Hygiene Supervision in Primary Care Safety Net Settings (Full Report)
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 03/2012
This report addresses preventive dental care disparities for rural children by studying access to fluoride varnish applications and the extent that dental hygienists can provide select preventive dental services in primary care safety net settings.
State Policy Levers for Addressing Preventive Dental Care Disparities for Rural Children: Medicaid Reimbursement to Non-Dental Clinicians for Fluoride Varnish and Dental Hygiene Supervision in Primary Care Safety Net Settings (Key Facts)
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 03/2012
This report provides keys facts regarding preventive dental care disparities for rural children.

2011

Recent Changes in Health Insurance Coverage in Rural and Urban Areas
North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Date: 05/2011
This findings brief compares changes in health insurance coverage for non-elderly Americans in rural areas to changes in urban areas during the recent economic recession.

2010

Diet, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behaviors as Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity: An Urban and Rural Comparison (Final Report)
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 11/2010
Nearly 20% of the U.S. population resides in non-metropolitan areas, yet our knowledge about the prevalence of obesity in rural America is limited. Previous research found that rural children, paradoxically, were more likely to be overweight or obese and more likely to be physically active than urban children.
Access to Mental Health Services and Family Impact of Rural Children With Mental Health Problems
Maine Rural Health Research Center
Date: 10/2010
Rural children are more likely to have mental health problems, to have behavioral difficulties, and to be usually or always affected by their conditions than urban children. Rural children also are more likely to go without access to all parent-reported needed mental health services, and their families spend more time coordinating their care.
Mental Health Problems Have Considerable Impact on Rural Children and Their Families
Policy Brief
Maine Rural Health Research Center
Date: 10/2010
This policy brief provides information on the prevalence of children's mental health needs and associated access to care and family impact across rural and urban areas. Analyses are based on the 2005-06 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs.
Pediatric Care in Rural Hospital Emergency Departments (Final Report)
North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Date: 05/2010
This report analyzes data from the Emergency Pediatric Services and Equipment Supplement to the National Hospital Ambulatory Medicare Care Survey to compare rural and urban hospitals' responses on various dimensions of pediatric emergency department care.
Pediatric Care in Rural Hospital Emergency Departments (Findings Brief)
North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Date: 05/2010
This brief analyzes data from the Emergency Pediatric Services and Equipment Supplement to the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Rural/urban hospitals' responses on pediatric emergency department (ED) care were compared. Rural ED directors also were surveyed to further explore rural pediatric ED care in more detail.
Diet, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behaviors as Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity: An Urban and Rural Comparison (Fact Sheet)
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 2010
This fact sheet reports that the prevalence of those who are overweight and obese is higher among rural children than their urban counterparts.

2009

Differences in Prescribing Patterns of Psychotropic Medication for Children and Adolescents Between Rural and Urban Prescribers
WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research
Date: 10/2009
This study reports that prescriptions of all psychotropic drug categories increased for urban and rural populations during the 10-year study period. Urban youth were more likely to be prescribed psychotropic medications by psychiatrists. In contrast, rural youth were more likely to have psychotropics prescribed by generalists or other prescribers.
Characteristics of Rural & Urban Children Who Qualify for Medicaid or CHIP but Are Not Enrolled
Policy Brief
North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Date: 07/2009
About three-quarters of children who qualify for Medicaid or CHIP are enrolled, with slightly higher rates in rural areas than in urban areas. This leaves one in four qualified children without insurance coverage.
Medicaid & CHIP Participation Among Rural & Urban Children
Policy Brief
North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Date: 07/2009
This policy brief describes the characteristics of rural and urban children who qualify for Medicaid or CHIP but are uninsured.
Rural Children Don't Receive the Mental Health Care They Need
Policy Brief
Maine Rural Health Research Center
Date: 01/2009
Controlling for other characteristics that affect access to care, rural children are 20% less likely to have a mental health visit than urban children. Having Medicaid or SCHIP increases the likelihood that a child will receive services, and this is pronounced in rural areas.

2008

National Trends in the Perinatal and Infant Health of Rural American Indians (AIs) and Alaska Natives (ANs): Have the Disparities Between AI/ANs and Whites Narrowed?
Policy Brief
WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
Date: 06/2008
This policy brief provides an overview of findings from a study examining trends in prenatal care receipt, low-birthweight rates, neonatal and postneonatal death rates, and cause of death among rural American Indians/Alaska Natives and whites between 1985 and 1997.
Chartbook: Dental Health and Access to Care Among Rural Children: A National and State Portrait (Full Report)
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 03/2008
This chartbook examines dental health status, use of preventive services, and dental insurance among rural and urban children. It provides information specific to rural children, and in particular rural minority children, not available in similar detail from other sources.
Poor Birth Outcome in the Rural United States: 1985-1987 to 1995-1997 (Final Report)
WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
Date: 02/2008
Rates of low birthweight, poor outcomes, and inadequate prenatal care among urban and rural areas were evaluated and compared from 1985-1997 using data from the Linked Birth-Death Data Set.
Poor Birth Outcome in the Rural United States: 1985-1987 to 1995-1997 (Project Summary)
WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
Date: 02/2008
Rates of low birthweight, poor outcomes, and inadequate prenatal care among urban and rural areas were evaluated and compared from 1985-1997 using data from the Linked Birth-Death Data Set.

2007

Ambulatory Care Sensitive Condition Hospitalizations Among Rural Children (Brief)
Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center
Date: 06/2007
This brief reports results from a study examining children's inpatient hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions, rural residence, poverty, health insurance, and physician supply. Admission rates were examined for asthma, diabetes short-term complications, gastroenteritis, urinary tract infection, and perforated appendix.
Substance Abuse Among Rural Youth: A Little Meth and a Lot of Booze
Maine Rural Health Research Center
Date: 06/2007
This research and policy brief examines substance abuse among rural youth, with rural-urban comparisons of methamphetamine, Oxycontin, and alcohol abuse.
Overweight and Physical Inactivity Among Rural Children Aged 10-17: A National and State Portrait
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 05/2007
This report examines the issues of obesity and being overweight among children in rural and urban settings using the data from the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health.
Overweight and Physical Inactivity Among Rural Children Aged 10-17: A National and State Portrait (Fact Sheet)
Fact Sheet
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 2007
This fact sheet offers a brief overview on the issues of obesity and being overweight, physical activity, and weight-related behaviors among rural and urban children.
Rural/Urban Differences in Barriers to and Burden of Care for Children With Special Health Care Needs
Journal Article
North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Date: 2007
Examines the barriers and difficulties experienced by rural families of children with special healthcare needs in caring for their children. Covers rural-urban differences in types of providers used, reasons for unmet healthcare needs, insurance and financial difficulties encountered, and the family burden of providing the child's medical care.

2006

Premium Assistance Programs for Low Income Families: How Well Does It Work in Rural Areas?
North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Date: 01/2006
This paper reports the results of a study on the viability in rural areas of premium assistance programs use Medicaid or State Children's Health Insurance funding to subsidize the premium costs of employer-sponsored insurance or private non-group policies for eligible individuals.
The Effect of Rural Residence On Dental Unmet Need for Children With Special Health Care Needs
Journal Article
North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Date: 2006
Unmet need for dental care is the most prevalent unmet healthcare need among children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN). The combination of rural residence and special healthcare needs may leave rural CSHCN particularly vulnerable to high levels of unmet dental needs.

2005

Rural and Urban Parents Report on Access to Health Care for Their Children With Medicaid Managed Care
North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Date: 12/2005
This study considers rural beneficiaries' perspectives to broaden understanding of whether Medicaid-managed care programs provide acceptable access to healthcare services for children.
Early Alcohol Use, Rural Residence, and Adulthood Employment
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 10/2005
Findings indicate that drinking during youth and early adulthood was common in the early 1980s. Nearly half of respondents reported drinking before age 18, and 55.3% reported binge drinking. Drinking behaviors did not differ significantly between rural and urban residents.
Trends in Uninsurance Among Rural Minority Children
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 10/2005
Using 21 years of data from the National Health Interview Survey to explore trends in health insurance and health services utilization for children between 1980 and 2001, the authors found that rural children have been consistently less likely to have insurance than urban children, and minority status adds to the disparity.
Mental Health Risk Factors, Unmet Needs, and Provider Availability for Rural Children
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 09/2005
This study used the 2001 National Health Interview Survey to assess the prevalence of sub-clinical mental health problems among children, the degree to which children with potential problems use mental health and general providers for these problems, and the degree of unmet need.
Poverty, Stress, and Violent Disagreements in the Home Among Rural Families
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 08/2005
This study used information from a large, nationally representative telephone survey of households with children, carried out by the National Center for Health Statistics, to explore the prevalence of violent disagreements in the home.
Violence and Rural Teens: Teen Violence, Drug Use, and School-Based Prevention Services in Rural America
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 03/2005
This report describes a study to explore the prevalence of violence-related exposures and drug use among rural teens, to investigate the effects of race and gender on the risk of exposure to violence and drug use, and to compare the policies and mental healthcare services of rural and urban schools.
The Effects of Rural Residence and Other Social Vulnerabilities on Subjective Measures of Unmet Need
Journal Article
North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Date: 2005
Are self-reports of unmet need a biased measure of access to healthcare? We examined the relationship between rural residence and perceived need for physician services and the likelihood of reporting a need for routine preventive care and/or specialty care using data from the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs.
Factors Associated With Incidence of Inappropriate Ambulance Transport in Rural Areas in Cases of Moderate to Severe Head Injury in Children
Journal Article
Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center
Date: 2005
An analysis was conducted to identify a set of significant predictors of cases of inappropriate deliveries to acute care facilities with no trauma-center designation of any level. Greater distance to the nearest trauma center and shorter distance traveled by the ambulance squad to the receiving corresponded to higher probabilities of mistriage.
Mental Health Risk Factors, Unmet Needs, and Provider Availability for Rural Children (Fact Sheet)
Fact Sheet
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 2005
Children in rural areas have fewer mental health resources available. To assess the need for services among rural children, they studied information from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey. Possible mental health problems were identified based on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.
Trends in Uninsurance Among Rural Minority Children (Fact Sheet)
Fact Sheet
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 2005
This fact sheet describes childhood disparities found in health insurance, healthcare utilization, and factors related to acquiring health insurance.
Update: Health Insurance and Utilization of Care Among Rural Adolescents
Journal Article
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 2005
Using data from the 1999-2000 National Health Interview Survey, it was found that across races, rural adolescents were as likely to have insurance but less likely to report a preventive visit than urban children; residence did not affect the likelihood of a visit or a usual source of care.
Violence and Rural Teens: Teen Violence, Drug Use, and School-Based Prevention Services in Rural America (Fact Sheet)
Fact Sheet
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 2005
This fact sheet covers the key findings from a study of violence and drug use among rural teens.

2004

Reducing Mortality From Motor Vehicle Crashes for Children 0 through 14 Years of Age: Success in New York and North Dakota
North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Date: 12/2004
This report reviews effective interventions to reduce motor vehicle crash mortality among children. It explores what is happening in New York and North Dakota that contributes to their success in being among the best performing states in regard to this measure of child health.
Assessing the Effect of a Lay Home Visitation Program for Rural High-Risk Women and Infants
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 2004
This study tested a retrospective data set approach for evaluating the effectiveness of a community health worker program to improve pregnancy and birth outcomes. The program uses lay health workers to provide health education, referral, and social support to rural, low income, Medicaid-insured pregnant African-American women and their infants.
Rural Minority Children's Access to and Timeliness of Immunizations
Fact Sheet
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 2004
This fact sheet examined whether rural children ages 3-71 months are keeping up with urban children in the receipt of needed vaccinations.

2003

Rural Minority Children's Access to and Timeliness of Immunizations: 1993-2001
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 11/2003
The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of pediatric healthcare provided to rural minorities using timeliness of immunization receipt as a marker for quality.
Demand for Medical Services Among Previously Uninsured Children: The Roles of Race and Rurality
Fact Sheet
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 2003
This fact sheet examines the use of medical services over nearly two years among newly insured and continuously insured children, ages 6 through 12, in the CHIP and Medicaid programs in South Carolina and West Virginia.
Rural Minority Children
Fact Sheet
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 2003
This fact sheet provides data on rural minority children's health insurance coverage, healthcare use, poverty, and education.

2002

Access to Care Among Rural Minorities: Children
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 11/2002
This report profiles the characteristics of non-metro children, their health insurance coverage, and their healthcare visits.
Access to Care Among Rural Minorities: Children (Appendix - Methods, Data Sources, and Detailed Tables)
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 11/2002
This is the appendix of a report on rural minority children and the factors affecting their health insurance coverage and health services use.
Demand for Medical Services Among Previously Uninsured Children: The Roles of Race and Rurality (Report)
Rural and Minority Health Research Center
Date: 10/2002
This report examined the use of medical services over nearly two years among newly insured and continuously insured children, ages 6 through 12, in the CHIP and Medicaid programs in West Virginia and South Carolina.
Perinatal and Infant Health Among Rural and Urban American Indians/Alaska Natives
Journal Article
WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
Date: 09/2002
Provides a national profile of rural and urban American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) maternal and infant health.

2001

Patterns of Health Insurance Coverage Among Rural and Urban Children
Maine Rural Health Research Center
Date: 11/2001
This study assesses differences in the patterns of insurance coverage and uninsured spells among rural and urban children in 20 states. It also examines the implications of those differences for the design and implementation of public insurance programs.

2000

Race and Place: Urban-Rural Differences in Health for Racial and Ethnic Minorities
North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Date: 03/2000
This findings brief investigates urban-rural disparities for racial and ethnic minorities in six health areas: infant mortality, cancer screening and management, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, HIV infection, and child and adult immunizations.

1999

Implementation of the State Children's Health Insurance Program: Outreach, Enrollment, and Provider Participation in Rural Areas (Full Report)
Report
NORC Walsh Center for Rural Health Analysis
Date: 11/1999
The State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) provides states with an important source of funding to help low-income, uninsured children overcome financial barriers to medical care. CHIP may be especially important in covering children living in rural areas. This study qualitatively assesses CHIP outreach, enrollment, and provider issues.
Implementation of the State Children's Health Insurance Program: Outreach, Enrollment, and Provider Participation in Rural Areas (Policy Brief)
Policy Brief
NORC Walsh Center for Rural Health Analysis
Date: 11/1999
The State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) provides states with an important source of funding to help low-income, uninsured children overcome financial barriers to medical care. This policy analysis brief assesses CHIP outreach, enrollment, and provider issues in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia.

1998

Anticipating the 1997 State Children's Health Insurance Program: What's Current in Five Rural States?
NORC Walsh Center for Rural Health Analysis
Date: 01/1998
This study examines aspects of existing children's health insurance or health services for low-income, uninsured children.

1997

Access to Maternity Care in Rural Washington: Its Effect on Neonatal Outcomes and Resource Use
Journal Article
Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center
Date: 01/1997
Compares birth outcomes for areas with poor healthcare access to those with adequate healthcare access in rural Washington state.