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African Americans
Publications
Listed by publication date. You can also view these publications alphabetically.
2006
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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Potentially Avoidable Delivery Complications Among Pregnant Medicaid Beneficiaries in South Carolina
Author(s): Sarah Laditka, James Laditka, Janice C. Probst
Research center:
South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics:
African Americans,
Health disparities,
Maternal and child health,
Medicaid and S-CHIP,
Minority health,
Women
Citation: Maternal and Child Health Journal, 10(4), 339-50
Date: 2006
Examined access to health care during pregnancy for mothers insured by Medicaid as well as the risks of potentially avoidable maternity complications among rural and urban hospital deliveries for groups of mothers defined by race or ethnicity. Within groups defined by race or ethnicity, unadjusted rates for potentially avoidable maternity complications did not differ significantly by hospital location. Holding other factors constant, potentially avoidable maternity complications were less common in rural hospitals than in urban hospitals. In rural hospitals, African Americans had notably higher risk for potentially avoidable maternity complications than did non-Hispanic whites. The authors conclude that providers and policymakers should work to reduce the risks of potentially avoidable maternity complications for African American women in rural areas who are insured by Medicaid.
2005 -
Trends in Uninsurance among Rural Minority Children
Author(s): Amy Martin, Janice C. Probst, Charity G. Moore, Daniel Patterson, Keith Elder
Research center:
South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics:
African Americans,
Children,
Health insurance and the uninsured,
Hispanics,
Minority health,
Poverty
Date: 10 / 2005
Disparities in health insurance coverage for both minority and rural children persist, with children who are simultaneously minority race/ethnicity and living in rural areas being particularly disadvantaged. Using twenty-one years of data from the National Health Interview Survey to explore trends in health insurance and health services utilization for children between 1980 and 2001, and focusing on non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic African American, and Hispanic children, the authors found that rural children have been consistently less likely to have insurance than urban children, and minority status adds to the disparity. Several factors consistently influenced the odds that a child would lack health insurance, measured in 1980, 1986, 1994 and 2001. Compared to urban white children, rural white children and Hispanic children, both urban and rural, were more likely to lack insurance. Factors consistently associated with lack of health insurance, such as poverty, low education, and non-parental households, have been more prevalent among minority children since 1979, and remained so in 2001. Rural disadvantages for minority children are marked. Executive summary available online.
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Delivery Complications Associated With Prenatal Care Access for Medicaid-Insured Mothers in Rural and Urban Hospitals
Author(s): Sarah B. Laditka, James N. Laditka, Kevin J. Bennett, Janice C. Probst
Research center:
South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics:
African Americans,
Health services,
Maternal and child health,
Medicaid and S-CHIP,
Women
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 21(2), 158-66
Date: 2005
Examined access to health care during pregnancy for mothers insured by Medicaid as well as the risks of potentially avoidable maternity complications among rural and urban hospital deliveries for groups of mothers defined by race or ethnicity. Within groups defined by race or ethnicity, unadjusted rates for potentially avoidable maternity complications did not differ significantly by hospital location. Holding other factors constant, potentially avoidable maternity complications were less common in rural hospitals than in urban hospitals. In rural hospitals, African Americans had notably higher risk for potentially avoidable maternity complications than did non-Hispanic whites. The authors conclude that providers and policymakers should work to reduce the risks of potentially avoidable maternity complications for African American women in rural areas who are insured by Medicaid.
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Explaining Black-White Differences in Receipt of Recommended Colon Cancer Treatment
Author(s): Laura-Mae Baldwin, Sharon A. Dobie, Kevin Billingsley, Yong Cai, George E. Wright, Jason A. Dominitz, William Barlow, Joan L. Warren, Stephen H. Taplin
Research center:
WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
Topics:
African Americans,
Health services
Citation: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 97(16), 1211-12210
Date: 2005
Black-white disparities exist in receipt of recommended medical care, including colorectal cancer treatment. This retrospective cohort study examines the degree to which health systems (e.g., physician, hospital) factors explain black-white disparities in colon cancer care. Black and white Medicare-insured colon cancer patients have an equal opportunity to learn about adjuvant chemotherapy from a medical oncologist but do not receive chemotherapy equally. Little disparity was explained by health systems; more was explained by illness severity, social support, and environment. Further qualitative research is needed to understand the factors that influence the lower receipt of chemotherapy by black patients.
2004 -
Impact Of Medicaid Managed Care, Race/Ethnicity, and Rural/Urban Residence On Potentially Avoidable Maternity Complications: A Five-State Multi-Level Analysis
Author(s): Sarah B. Laditka, James N. Laditka, Kevin J. Bennett, Janice C. Probst
Research center:
South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics:
African Americans,
Hispanics,
Maternal and child health,
Medicaid and S-CHIP,
Women
Date: 12 / 2004
Complications of pregnancy affect the lives of many women and infants. This study examines pregnancy-related complications using Potentially Avoidable Maternity Complications (PAMCs) as an indicator of access. Findings include: 1) Mothers delivering in rural hospitals had lower PAMC risks than those with urban deliveries.; 2) In rural hospitals, African American women had greater PAMC risks than white women.; and 3) In urban hospitals, adjusted PAMC risks were substantially lower for Hispanics and Asians than for whites. Executive summary available online.
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Assessing the Effect of a Lay Home Visitation Program for Rural High-Risk Women and Infants
Research center:
South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics:
African Americans,
Children,
Maternal and child health,
Poverty,
Women
Date: 2004
This pilot study tested a retrospective data set approach for evaluating the effectiveness of a community health worker program at improving pregnancy and birth outcomes. The home visitation program uses lay health workers to provide health education, referral, and social support to rural, low income, Medicaid-insured pregnant African American women and their infants.
2003 -
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease among Rural African Americans
Research center:
South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics:
African Americans,
Chronic diseases and conditions,
Minority health
Date: 02 / 2003
Investigates the association of race and rural residence on rates of diagnosis of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and indicators of good medical control among people with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Finds that rural African Americans with diagnosed diabetes have significantly higher rates of problems associated with diabetes than do urban whites; that rural and urban African Americans are more likely than rural and urban whites to have undiagnosed diabetes; that rural African Americans with diagnosed hypertension are more likely than urban whites to still have elevated diastolic blood pressure; and that rural African Americans have the highest prevalence of undiagnosed diastolic hypertension. The study documents the need to improve access to health care services in rural areas. Executive summary available online.
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Rural Minority Working Age Adults
Research center:
South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics:
African Americans,
Health insurance and the uninsured,
Hispanics,
Minority health,
Rural statistics and demographics
Date: 2003
Holding demographic considerations equal, rural residents are less likely to report having health insurance than urban residents. African Americans, Hispanics and persons of other race are all less likely to be insured than whites. The factors placing rural minorities at risk for lacking insurance include low income and low education.
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Diagnostic Risk Factors & Improvement Activities Among Rural African Americans
Research center:
South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics:
African Americans,
Chronic diseases and conditions
Date: 2003
Discusses disease management among rural African Americans.
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Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Rural African Americans
Research center:
South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics:
African Americans,
Chronic diseases and conditions,
Health disparities
Date: 2003
Previous research has indicated that persons living in rural areas are more vulnerable to poor health than those living in urban areas. Minorities in particular are more vulnerable to poor health than non-minorities.
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Behavioral Risk Factors Among Rural African Americans
Research center:
South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics:
African Americans,
Health promotion and disease prevention,
Substance abuse
Date: 2003
Discusses seat belt use, tobacco use, and alcohol use among rural African Americans.
2001 -
Proximity of Rural African American and Hispanic/Latino Communities to Physicians and Hospital Services
Author(s): Donald E. Pathman, Thomas R. Konrad, Robert Schwartz
Research center:
North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Topics:
African Americans,
Health services,
Hispanics,
Minority health,
Physicians
Report Number: Working Paper No. 72
Date: 06 / 2001
Assesses how local physician concentrations and distances to hospitals differ for rural communities of varying African American and Hispanic/Latino compositions. Uses data at the town-area level for nine southern and six western states to compare town-areas with low, medium, and high proportions of African Americans and Hispanics on their local physician-to-population ratios and distances to nearest hospital offering each of four levels of services. Among the findings are that rural Hispanics, but not African Americans, face longer travel distances to physicians, and both groups face longer distances to some types of hospital services than do non-minority rural individuals.
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Proximity of Rural Black and Hispanic/Latino Communities to Physicians and Hospital Services
Author(s): Donald E. Pathman, Thomas R. Konrad, Robert Schwartz
Research center:
North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Topics:
African Americans,
Health services,
Hispanics,
Hospitals and clinics,
Minority health,
Physicians
Date: 05 / 2001
This brief reports the findings of a study of how the African American and Hispanic/ Latino composition of rural communities relates to local physician concentrations, and relates to distances to hospitals offering various levels of services.
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Development of a Research Agenda on the Issues of Access to Care and Reduction of Health Status Disparities of Rural African Americans in South Carolina
Author(s): Michael E. Samuels, Janice C. Probst, Karen Willert, Walter (Pete) Bailey, Elizabeth Corley
Research center:
South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics:
African Americans,
Health disparities
Date: 01 / 2001
Explores disparities in health among rural African Americans and rural white South Carolina residents. Introductory, descriptive study. Key findings include: Mortality, use of hospital and emergency department services, and outpatient visits among Medicaid recipients.
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