Minority health

Publications

Listed by publication date. You can also view these publications alphabetically.

2011

Higher Risk Of Death In Rural Blacks And Whites Than Urbanites Is Related To Lower Incomes, Education, And Health Coverage
Date: 10 / 2011
Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Jessica D. Bellinger, Katrina M. Walsemann, James Hardin, Saundra H. Glover
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topic: Minority health
Citation: HealthAffairs, vol. 30 no. 10
Explores the degree to which lack of health insurance may contribute to high mortality rates among rural minority men and women aged 45-64.
Handling the Handoff: Rural and Race-Based Disparities in Post Hospitalization Follow-up Care Among Medicare Beneficiaries with Diabetes
Date: 09 / 2011
Author(s): Kevin J. Bennett, Robert Chen, Medha Vyavaharkar, Saundra H. Glover, Janice C. Probst
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Chronic diseases and conditions, Health disparities, Hospitals and clinics, Minority health
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases, affecting an estimated 23.6 million people in the United States (7.8% of the total population). Rural African American and Hispanic residents with diabetes are less likely to exhibit good control of their condition, putting them at greater risk for the consequences of this disease, such as kidney failure, blindness and amputation. Effective outpatient care is key to diabetes management. Absence of such care, conversely, may play a role in poorer diabetes control in rural areas. The present report uses information regarding Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes to examine the provision of care in rural America. It provides estimates of hospital admission rates for rural Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes, tracks the proportion of patients who receive adequate outpatient care post discharge, and assesses subsequent readmissions to the hospital. It also explores the potential for race-based disparities in care for diabetes.

2008

National Trends in the Perinatal and Infant Health of Rural American Indians (AIs) and Alaska Natives (ANs): Have the Disparities Between AI/ANs and Whites Narrowed? (Policy Brief)
Date: 06 / 2008
Research center: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
Topics: American Indians and Alaska Natives, Children, Maternal and child health, Minority health, Women
Brief overview of findings from a study examining trends in prenatal care receipt, low-birthweight rates, neonatal and postneonatal death rates, and cause of death among rural American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and whites between 1985 and 1997.
Health Disparities: A Rural-Urban Chartbook (Full Report)
Date: 06 / 2008
Author(s): Kevin J. Bennett, Bankole Olatosi, Janice C. Probst
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Health disparities, Minority health
Citation: Bennett KJ, Olatosi B, Probst JC, �Health Disparities: A Rural-Urban Chartbook.� Technical report provided to Health Resources and Services Administration/Office of Rural Health Policy. June 2008. Retrieved@http://rhr.sph.sc.edu
Rural minorities experience disparities in health and health care delivery. Previous studies have illustrated many of the health disparities experienced by rural residents, such as poorer health status, higher obesity prevalence, more with activity limitations, and higher mortality rates. The Chartbook seeks to expand the work of the National Healthcare Disparities Reports, issued annually by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. These Reports are limited in their discussion of disparities experienced by rural residents and present little data regarding disparities among rural minority populations. The present Chartbook expands upon prior work by examining potential disparities among rural populations in health, health behaviors, preventive services and diabetes care.
Access to Specialty Health Care for Rural American Indians in Two States
Date: 2008
Author(s): Baldwin LM, Hollow WB, Casey S, Hart LG, Larson EH, Moore K, Lewis E, Andrilla CHA, Grossman DC
Research center: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
Topics: American Indians and Alaska Natives, Health services, Minority health
Citation: Journal of Rural Health 24(3), 269-278
The Indian Health Service (IHS), whose per capita expenditure for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) health services is about half that of the US civilian population, is the only source of health care funding for many rural AI/ANs. Specialty services, largely funded through contracts with outside practitioners, may be limited by low IHS funding levels. This study outlines the examination of specialty service access among rural Indian populations in two states. Results indicate that limitations in specialty care access for rural Indian clinic patients appear to be influenced by financial constraints. Health care systems factors may play a role in perceived differences in specialty access between rural Indian and non-Indian clinic patients.

2007

Impact of Health Insurance Coverage on Native Elder Health: Implications for Addressing the Health Care Needs of Rural Native American Elders
Date: 10 / 2007
Author(s): Alana Knudson, Mary Wakefield, Kyle Muus, Jacque Gray, Leander McDonald, Richard Ludtke, Gestur Davidson
Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center
Topics: American Indians and Alaska Natives, Health insurance and the uninsured, Minority health
Report Number: Final Report No. 6
Examines health insurance coverage and access to health care among American Indian and Alaska Native elders (Native elders) -- defined as 55 years or older. Young elders, 55 to 64 years of age, are most likely to be uninsured with one-third reporting having no insurance, while 15% of older elders, 65 years of age and over, report they are uninsured. Uninsured Native elders are about twice as likely as insured Native elders to indicate they have no regular provider. In addition, one out of 10 Native elders report they were not able to get care when they needed it during the preceding 12 months. Reasons cited for not getting health care when it was needed included long waiting times, transportation problems, and cost. The authors conclude it is essential to develop policies that address the financial, geographical, and cultural aspects that negatively impact access to culturally appropriate healthcare. Full report available on request by contacting wopsahl@medicine.nodak.edu.
Health Insurance Coverage and Access to Health Care for American Indian and Alaska Native Elders
Date: 10 / 2007
Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Aging, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Health insurance and the uninsured, Minority health
Policy brief reporting findings from a study assessing health insurance coverage and access to health care among American Indian and Alaska Native elders (Native elders), using data from a national survey that included more than 8,300 Native elders.
Use of Preventive Services Among Hispanic Sub-Groups: Does One Size Fit All?
Date: 07 / 2007
Author(s): Myriam E. Torres, Jessica D. Bellinger, Janice C. Probst, Nusrat Harun, and Andrew O. Johnson
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Cultural competency, Health promotion and disease prevention, Hispanics, Minority health
The Hispanic population, the largest and fastest growing minority group in the nation, is generally under-served with regard to health services. This executive summary includes results from the exploration of the use of preventive health services among Mexicans, Puerto-Ricans, Cubans, and "other" Latinos (persons from all other Spanish-speaking countries such as Spain, Central and South America) and examined how the use of preventive services was influenced by nation of origin and by rural versus urban residence.
Use of Preventive Services Among Hispanic Sub-Groups: Does One Size Fit All? (Fact Sheet)
Date: 2007
Author(s): Myriam E. Torres, Jessica D. Bellinger, Janice C. Probst, Nusrat Harun, and Andrew O. Johnson
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Cultural competency, Health promotion and disease prevention, Hispanics, Minority health
This Fact Sheet provides key facts on preventive health services provided to rural Hispanics.

2006

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Potentially Avoidable Delivery Complications Among Pregnant Medicaid Beneficiaries in South Carolina
Date: 2006
Author(s): Sarah Laditka, James Laditka, Janice C. Probst
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: African Americans, Health disparities, Maternal and child health, Medicaid and S-CHIP, Minority health, Women
Citation: Maternal and Child Health Journal, 10(4), 339-50
Examined access to health care during pregnancy for mothers insured by Medicaid as well as the risks of potentially avoidable maternity complications among rural and urban hospital deliveries for groups of mothers defined by race or ethnicity. Within groups defined by race or ethnicity, unadjusted rates for potentially avoidable maternity complications did not differ significantly by hospital location. Holding other factors constant, potentially avoidable maternity complications were less common in rural hospitals than in urban hospitals. In rural hospitals, African Americans had notably higher risk for potentially avoidable maternity complications than did non-Hispanic whites. The authors conclude that providers and policymakers should work to reduce the risks of potentially avoidable maternity complications for African American women in rural areas who are insured by Medicaid.
Rural Residence and Hispanic Ethnicity: Doubly Disadvantaged for Diabetes?
Date: 2006
Author(s): Richelle J. Koopman, Arch G. Mainous III, Mark E. Geesey
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Chronic diseases and conditions, Hispanics, Minority health
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 22(1), 63-8
Reports the results of a study to determine whether living in a rural area and being Hispanic confers special risks for diagnosis and control of diabetes.
Health Risks Factors Among American Indians and Alaska Native Elders
Date: 2006
Author(s): Leander McDonald, Richard Ludtke, Kyle Muus
Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Aging, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Minority health
Citation: Journal of Native Aging and Health, July-August 2006, 1(2), 17-24
Chronic disease rates are higher among American Indian and Alaska Native elders although they exercise more and have higher rates of participation in multiple exercise activities. Research concerning the relationship between chronic disease and health risk factors is limited for American Indian and Alaska Native elder populations. This paper indicated results of an analysis of the effect of risk factors on chronic disease from a survey of 9,296 Native elders, representing 171 tribes from 88 sites. The sampling design employed systematic random sampling for larger tribes, with smaller tribes (fewer than 200) interviewing all or the majority of their elders. The data suggest that smokers, drinkers, and non-exercisers are at increase risk for chronic disease.
Prevalence and Trends in Smoking: A National Rural Study
Date: 2006
Author(s): Mark P. Doescher, J. Elizabeth Jackson, Anthony Jerant, L. Gary Hart
Research center: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Health promotion and disease prevention, Minority health, Substance abuse
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 22(2), 112-118
Reports the results of a study to estimate the prevalence of and recent trends in smoking among adults by type of rural location and by state.

2005

Trends in Uninsurance among Rural Minority Children
Date: 10 / 2005
Author(s): Amy Martin, Janice C. Probst, Charity G. Moore, Daniel Patterson, Keith Elder
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: African Americans, Children, Health insurance and the uninsured, Hispanics, Minority health, Poverty
Disparities in health insurance coverage for both minority and rural children persist, with children who are simultaneously minority race/ethnicity and living in rural areas being particularly disadvantaged. Using twenty-one years of data from the National Health Interview Survey to explore trends in health insurance and health services utilization for children between 1980 and 2001, and focusing on non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic African American, and Hispanic children, the authors found that rural children have been consistently less likely to have insurance than urban children, and minority status adds to the disparity. Several factors consistently influenced the odds that a child would lack health insurance, measured in 1980, 1986, 1994 and 2001. Compared to urban white children, rural white children and Hispanic children, both urban and rural, were more likely to lack insurance. Factors consistently associated with lack of health insurance, such as poverty, low education, and non-parental households, have been more prevalent among minority children since 1979, and remained so in 2001. Rural disadvantages for minority children are marked.
Suicide in North Dakota: A Dialogue Across State and Tribal Boundaries
Date: 10 / 2005
Author(s): Garth Kruger, Jacque Gray
Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Mental health, Minority health
Report Number: Policy Brief
Compared nationally, North Dakota ranks 13th in the nation for suicide (14.4 suicides per 1000,000 people). This policy brief looks at three broad areas in addressing this preventable tragedy: 1) an understanding of factors associated with suicide; 2) information about specific trends such as race, gender, location, and costs; 3) an awareness of suicide prevention strategies that address these factors through public policy and community action.
Prevalence of Chronic Disease Among American Indian and Alaska Native Elders
Date: 10 / 2005
Author(s): Patricia Moulton, Leander McDonald, Kyle Muus, Alana Knudson, Mary Wakefield, Richard Ludtke
Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Aging, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Chronic diseases and conditions, Minority health
Examines chronic disease prevalence and functional limitations among American Indian/Alaska Natives by rurality, gender, age, health care access, and health behaviors. Includes policy recommendations.
Disability Burdens among Older Americans Associated with Gender and Race/Ethnicity in Rural and Urban Areas
Date: 09 / 2005
Author(s): James N. Laditka, Sarah B. Laditka, Bankole Olatosi, Keith T. Elder
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Disabilities, Minority health, Women
No prior research has investigated differences in disability-free and disabled life expectancy associated with rural or urban residence. This report addresses this gap, and identifies differences in healthy life expectancy that may signal important policy needs. The authors examined total life expectancy, disability-free life expectancy, and disabled life expectancy, comparing people in rural and urban areas. These expectancy measures for subgroups of rural and urban areas were compared, distinguished by sex, race (white and African American) and educational attainment. The authors found that among a cohort of Americans aged 65 to 69 in 1982, in seven of the eight subgroups, individuals in rural areas lived longer lives than those in urban areas. Rural as compared to urban people lived (a) more disability-free years, (b) more disabled years, and (c) a notably greater percentage of their lives with a disability. There were striking differences among the high and low education groups, with individuals with more education living substantially longer, less disabled lives. Women lived longer, more disabled lives than men. For most subgroups, African Americans lived shorter, more disabled lives than whites.
Trends in Uninsurance Among Rural Minority Children (Fact Sheet)
Date: 2005
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Children, Health insurance and the uninsured, Minority health
Describes childhood disparities found in health insurance, health care utilization, and factors related to acquiring health insurance.
Chronic Disease in American Indian/Alaska Native Elders
Date: 2005
Author(s): Patricia L. Moulton, Leander R. McDonald, Kyle J. Muus, Alana D. Knudson, Richard L. Ludtke
Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center
Topics: American Indians and Alaska Natives, Chronic diseases and conditions, Minority health
Citation: The IHS Primary Care Provider, 30(5), 53-54
Describes the prevalence of chronic diseases among Native American elders.
Effects of Race and Poverty on Perceived Stress Among Rural Women
Date: 2005
Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Charity G. Moore, Elizabeth G. Baxley
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Mental health, Minority health, Poverty, Women
Citation: Coward RT, Davis LA et al, Eds., Rural women's health: Mental, behavioral and physical issues. p. 197-215. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company
More Culturally Sensitive Neuropsychological Tests (and Normative Data) Needed
Date: 2005
Author(s): F. Richard Ferraro, Leander R. McDonald
Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center
Topics: American Indians and Alaska Natives, Cultural competency, Minority health
Citation: Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 19(2), 53
Discusses the need for culturally sensitive tests and normative data regarding the Native elder population.
Chronic Disease and Functional Limitation Among American Indian and Alaska Native Elders
Date: 2005
Author(s): Leander McDonald, Richard Ludtke, Kyle Muus
Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center
Topics: American Indians and Alaska Natives, Chronic diseases and conditions, Minority health
Citation: Journal of Native Aging and Health, November-December 2005
Reports the results of an analysis of chronic disease's effect on functional limitation from a survey of 7,107 Native elders representing 143 tribes from 77 sites.

2004

Indian Health Care Improvement Act: Implications for North Dakota Tribes
Date: 11 / 2004
Author(s): Francine McDonald
Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center
Topics: American Indians and Alaska Natives, Legislation and regulation, Minority health
Policy brief providing an overview of health care issues facing American Indians in North Dakota, with discussion of the impact of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act.
Access to Specialty Health Care for Rural American Indians: Provider Perceptions in Two States
Date: 10 / 2004
Author(s): Laura-Mae Baldwin, Waler B. Hollow, Susan Casey, L. Gary Hart, Eric H. Larson, Kelly Moore, Ervin Lewis, David C. Grossman
Research center: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
Topics: American Indians and Alaska Natives, Health services, Minority health, Physicians
Report Number: Working Paper No. 78
Examines access to specialty services among rural Indian populations in Montana and New Mexico, based on a survey sent to primary care providers addressing access to specialty physicians, perceived barriers to access, and access to nonphysician clinical services. Report available upon request by contacting rhrc@fammed.washington.edu.
Mujer y Corazon: Community Health Workers and their Organizations in Colonias on the U.S.-Mexico Border
Date: 10 / 2004
Author(s): Marlynn L. May, Ricardo B. Contreras, Linda Callejas, Elvia Ladezma
Research center: Southwest Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Border and international health, Hispanics, Minority health, Workforce
Report Number: Policy Brief
Reports the results of a study that analyzed the Community Health Worker (CHW) organizations and practices to learn how they work and why they are key resources in colonias for improving the health of the communities. The study also examined the relationships of the CHW with and their impact on the communities they serve, finding variation programmatically, structurally, and geographically. A full report is also available.
Access To Dental Care For Rural Low Income And Minority Populations
Date: 09 / 2004
Author(s): Michelle M. Casey, Gestur Davidson, Ira Moscovice, David Born
Research center: Minnesota Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Dental health, Minority health, Poverty
Report Number: Working Paper No. 54
Using data from the 1999 National Health Interview Survey, this study examines the relationships between rural residence, income, race/ethnicity, and access to dental care. The study confirms that rural-urban disparities in access to dental care persist, and finds significant differences by race/ethnicity and income within rural populations in utilization of dental care, affording needed dental care, and dental insurance.
Mujer Y Corazon: Community Health Workers and Their Organizations in Colonias on the US-Mexico Border: An Exploratory Study
Date: 08 / 2004
Author(s): Marlynn L. May, Ricardo B. Contreras, Linda Callejas, Elvia Ledezma
Research center: Southwest Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Border and international health, Hispanics, Minority health, Workforce
Reports the results of a study that analyzed the Community Health Worker (CHW) organizations and practices to learn how they work and why they are key resources in colonias for improving the health of the communities. The study also examined the relationships of the CHW with and their impact on the communities they serve, finding variation programmatically, structurally, and geographically. A policy brief is also available.
Emergency Department Use by Medically Indigent Rural Residents (Fact Sheet)
Date: 2004
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Emergency medical services (EMS), Hospitals and clinics, Minority health
An estimated 211 million emergency department visits were made across the United States during 1999 - 2000, 37 visits per 100 persons per year. Just under a quarter of these, 43 million visits, were made to rural emergency departments.

2003

Rural Minority Children's Access To And Timeliness Of Immunizations: 1993-2001
Date: 11 / 2003
Author(s): Arch G. Mainous III, Terrence E. Steyer, Mark E. Geesey
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Children, Health promotion and disease prevention, Minority health
The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of pediatric health care provided to rural minorities using timeliness of immunization receipt as a marker for quality. Findings include: 1) Children living in rural areas are less likely to receive newly recommended vaccines within the first two years after introduction of the recommendation.; 2) There are no significant differences in the percentages of children up-to-date with their immunizations between Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics living in urban and rural areas.; 3) By 2001 lack of health insurance was the strongest predictor for children not receiving their immunizations in a timely manner.; 4) When using national surveys, there is significant year-to-year variation in the percentage of children who are up-to-date with their immunizations.
Response of Local Health Care Systems in the Rural Midwest to a Growing Latino Population
Date: 08 / 2003
Author(s): Michelle Casey, Lynn Blewett, Kathleen Call
Research center: Minnesota Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Cultural competency, Hispanics, Minority health
Report Number: Working Paper No. 48
Reports on the case studies of rural communities in Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska, documenting successful strategies that could be adopted by other communities facing challenges to their local rural health care system in meeting the needs of a growing Latino population. High rates of uninsurance for Latinos, along with language and cultural barriers to care, have contributed to difficulties accessing health care in these communities.
Prevalence of Health Related Behavioral Risk Factors Among Non-Metro Minority Adults
Date: 08 / 2003
Author(s): P. Daniel Patterson, Charity G. Moore, Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Health promotion and disease prevention, Minority health, Substance abuse
Data on tobacco use, seat belt use, and alcohol consumption among rural minority adults. Includes recommendations and detailed data tables.
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease among Rural African Americans
Date: 02 / 2003
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: African Americans, Chronic diseases and conditions, Minority health
Investigates the association of race and rural residence on rates of diagnosis of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and indicators of good medical control among people with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Finds that rural African Americans with diagnosed diabetes have significantly higher rates of problems associated with diabetes than do urban whites; that rural and urban African Americans are more likely than rural and urban whites to have undiagnosed diabetes; that rural African Americans with diagnosed hypertension are more likely than urban whites to still have elevated diastolic blood pressure; and that rural African Americans have the highest prevalence of undiagnosed diastolic hypertension. The study documents the need to improve access to health care services in rural areas.
Access to Care among Rural Minorities: Working Age Adults
Date: 01 / 2003
Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels, Charity G. Moore
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Health services, Minority health, Poverty
Examines the prevalence of health insurance and the use of physician services in rural areas. Findings include that rural minorities are handicapped by poverty and lack of education; low income and low education levels in non-metro areas translate into jobs that do not offer health insurance; and although non-metro adults were less likely to have insurance than metropolitan residents, they were not less likely to see a physician, with some exceptions.
Rural Minority Working Age Adults (Fact Sheet)
Date: 2003
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: African Americans, Health insurance and the uninsured, Hispanics, Minority health, Rural statistics and demographics
Holding demographic considerations equal, rural residents are less likely to report having health insurance than urban residents. African Americans, Hispanics and persons of other race are all less likely to be insured than whites. The factors placing rural minorities at risk for lacking insurance include low income and low education.
Demand For Medical Services Among Previously Uninsured Children: The Roles of Race and Rurality (Fact Sheet)
Date: 2003
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Children, Health insurance and the uninsured, Medicaid and S-CHIP, Minority health
Fact sheet examining the use of medical services over nearly two years among newly insured and continuously insured children, ages six through twelve, in the CHIP and Medicaid programs in South Carolina and West Virginia.
Rural Minority Elders (Fact Sheet)
Date: 2003
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Aging, Health insurance and the uninsured, Minority health, Rural statistics and demographics
Fact sheet providing data on health status, health insurance coverage, education and income of rural elders.
Rural Minority Children (Fact Sheet)
Date: 2003
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Children, Health insurance and the uninsured, Minority health, Rural statistics and demographics
Fact sheet providing data on rural minority children's health insurance coverage, health care use, poverty and education.

2002

Hypertension, Diabetes, Cholesterol, Weight, and Weight Control Activities Among Non Metro Minority Adults
Date: 12 / 2002
Author(s): P. Daniel Patterson, Charity G. Moore, Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Chronic diseases and conditions, Health disparities, Minority health, Obesity
The 1998 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) included a detailed examination of preventive health problems and behaviors. This report uses data from the 1998 NHIS to examine the prevalence of selected problems among rural populations, with an emphasis on rural minorities. ?Rural? was defined, following NHIS guidelines, as living in a non-MSA county.
Access to Care among Rural Minorities: Children
Date: 11 / 2002
Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Charity Moore, Karin Willert Roof, Elizabeth G. Baxley, Michael E. Samuels
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Children, Minority health, Poverty
Profiles the characteristics of non-metro children, their health insurance coverage, and their health care visits. Recommends a multi-faceted approach to ensure that non-metro children obtain appropriate levels of health care. Facets including retaining and expanding provision of care to indigent and low-income families, expanding insurance coverage, and addressing rural poverty.
Access to Care Among Rural Minorities: Children (Appendix - Methods, Data Sources, and Detailed Tables)
Date: 11 / 2002
Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Charity Moore, Karin Willert Roof, Elizabeth G. Baxley, Michael E. Samuels
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Children, Health disparities, Minority health
Appendix of report on rural minority children and the factors affecting their health insurance coverage and health services use.
Access to Care Among Rural Minorities: Older Adults
Date: 10 / 2002
Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels, Charity G. Moore, Joette Gdovin
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Aging, Health disparities, Minority health, Poverty
Profiles health status of, and use of physicians by, non-metro older adults. Programmatic recommendations based on the findings: maintain programs that encourage providers to practice in non-metro areas, pay particular attention to the problems of the near-poor African-American elderly, and foster coalitions linking providers with voluntary community-based organizations to increase support services to elderly non-metro populations.
Access to Care Among Rural Minorities: Older Adults (Appendix - Methods, Data, and Detailed Tables)
Date: 10 / 2002
Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels, Charity G. Moore, Joette Gdovin
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Aging, Health disparities, Minority health, Poverty
Appendix of report on health status and health services use among poor and minority older adults in non-metro areas.
Impacts of Multiple Race Reporting on Rural Health Policy and Data Analysis
Date: 05 / 2002
Author(s): Randy Randolph, Rebecca Slifkin, Lynn Whitener, Anna Wulfsberg
Research center: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Topics: Health policy, Minority health
Report Number: Working Paper No. 73
Examines some of the impacts to rural health analysis of new federal policy that allows people to choose one or more race categories when classifying themselves. Implementation of the new policy in the 2000 Census yields 63 possible combinations of race classification. Report also presents data on the number of persons choosing more than one race, discusses ways that analysts can handle the issues surrounding multiple race data, and compares several methods for bridging the change from the old single-race system to the new multiple-race system. Among its findings: rural Americans were less inclined to identify themselves as more than one race than were urban Americans; rural western residents were the only ones more inclined to choose multiple races than the rural average; and rural residents of Hawaii, Alaska, and Oklahoma were the most likely to identify with multiple races while those of Mississippi, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina were the least likely to do so.
Minorities in Rural America: An Overview of Population Characteristics
Date: 01 / 2002
Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels, Kristen P. Jespersen, Karin Willert, R. Suzanne Swann, Joshua A. McDuffie
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Minority health, Rural statistics and demographics
Presents an overview of demographic and economic statistics pertaining to rural minority populations and addresses the following questions: Where do rural minorities live? How is the rural minority population distributed across ages and sexes? What is the economic structure of rural, minority communities? What health resources are available in rural, minority communities? Findings pertaining to each minority group are presented in separate chapters. Based on the findings, the authors make several recommendations regarding issues ranging from program participation to infrastructure to research.
Minorities in Rural America: Appendix C Economic Patterns in Non-Metro America
Date: 2002
Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels, Kristen P. Jespersen, Karin Willert, R. Suzanne Swann, Joshua A. McDuffie
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Minority health, Rural statistics and demographics
Appendix to report on an overview of demographic and economic statistics pertaining to rural minority populations. Focuses on economic status and health services infrastructure.
Minorities in Rural America: Appendix B Map Supplement
Date: 2002
Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels, Kristen P. Jespersen, Karin Willert, R. Suzanne Swann, Joshua A. McDuffie
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Minority health, Rural statistics and demographics
Appendix to report on overview of demographic and economic statistics pertaining to rural minority populations. Maps.
Minorities in Rural America: Appendix A Description of Method and Supporting Tables Tables Ordered by Chapter
Date: 2002
Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels, Kristen P. Jespersen, Karin Willert, R. Suzanne Swann, Joshua A. McDuffie
Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Topics: Minority health, Rural statistics and demographics
Appendix of a report that gives an overview of demographic and economic statistics pertaining to rural minority populations.

2001

Proximity of Rural African American and Hispanic/Latino Communities to Physicians and Hospital Services
Date: 06 / 2001
Author(s): Donald E. Pathman, Thomas R. Konrad, Robert Schwartz
Research center: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Topics: African Americans, Health services, Hispanics, Minority health, Physicians
Report Number: Working Paper No. 72
Assesses how local physician concentrations and distances to hospitals differ for rural communities of varying African American and Hispanic/Latino compositions. Uses data at the town-area level for nine southern and six western states to compare town-areas with low, medium, and high proportions of African Americans and Hispanics on their local physician-to-population ratios and distances to nearest hospital offering each of four levels of services. Among the findings are that rural Hispanics, but not African Americans, face longer travel distances to physicians, and both groups face longer distances to some types of hospital services than do non-minority rural individuals.
Proximity of Rural Black and Hispanic/Latino Communities to Physicians and Hospital Services
Date: 05 / 2001
Author(s): Donald E. Pathman, Thomas R. Konrad, Robert Schwartz
Research center: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Topics: African Americans, Health services, Hispanics, Hospitals and clinics, Minority health, Physicians
This brief reports the findings of a study of how the African American and Hispanic/ Latino composition of rural communities relates to local physician concentrations, and relates to distances to hospitals offering various levels of services.

2000

Race and Place: Urban-Rural Differences in Health for Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Date: 03 / 2000
Author(s): Rebecca T. Slifkin, Laurie J. Goldsmith, Thomas C. Ricketts,
Research center: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Topics: AIDS and HIV, Chronic diseases and conditions, Health disparities, Health promotion and disease prevention, Minority health
This findings brief investigates urban-rural disparities for racial and ethnic minorities in six health areas: infant mortality, cancer screening and management, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, HIV infection, and child and adult immunizations.

Topics Centers Researchers Other Resources Search		Minority health Publications Listed by publication date. You can also view these publications alphabetically. 2011 Higher Risk Of Death In Rural Blacks And Whites Than Urbanites Is Related To Lower Incomes, Education, And Health Coverage Date: 10 / 2011 Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Jessica D. Bellinger, Katrina M. Walsemann, James Hardin, Saundra H. Glover Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topic: Minority health Citation: HealthAffairs, vol. 30 no. 10 Explores the degree to which lack of health insurance may contribute to high mortality rates among rural minority men and women aged 45-64. Handling the Handoff: Rural and Race-Based Disparities in Post Hospitalization Follow-up Care Among Medicare Beneficiaries with Diabetes Date: 09 / 2011 Author(s): Kevin J. Bennett, Robert Chen, Medha Vyavaharkar, Saundra H. Glover, Janice C. Probst Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Chronic diseases and conditions, Health disparities, Hospitals and clinics, Minority health Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases, affecting an estimated 23.6 million people in the United States (7.8% of the total population). Rural African American and Hispanic residents with diabetes are less likely to exhibit good control of their condition, putting them at greater risk for the consequences of this disease, such as kidney failure, blindness and amputation. Effective outpatient care is key to diabetes management. Absence of such care, conversely, may play a role in poorer diabetes control in rural areas. The present report uses information regarding Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes to examine the provision of care in rural America. It provides estimates of hospital admission rates for rural Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes, tracks the proportion of patients who receive adequate outpatient care post discharge, and assesses subsequent readmissions to the hospital. It also explores the potential for race-based disparities in care for diabetes. 2008 National Trends in the Perinatal and Infant Health of Rural American Indians (AIs) and Alaska Natives (ANs): Have the Disparities Between AI/ANs and Whites Narrowed? (Policy Brief) Date: 06 / 2008 Research center: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center Topics: American Indians and Alaska Natives, Children, Maternal and child health, Minority health, Women Brief overview of findings from a study examining trends in prenatal care receipt, low-birthweight rates, neonatal and postneonatal death rates, and cause of death among rural American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and whites between 1985 and 1997. Health Disparities: A Rural-Urban Chartbook (Full Report) Date: 06 / 2008 Author(s): Kevin J. Bennett, Bankole Olatosi, Janice C. Probst Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Health disparities, Minority health Citation: Bennett KJ, Olatosi B, Probst JC, �Health Disparities: A Rural-Urban Chartbook.� Technical report provided to Health Resources and Services Administration/Office of Rural Health Policy. June 2008. Retrieved@http://rhr.sph.sc.edu Rural minorities experience disparities in health and health care delivery. Previous studies have illustrated many of the health disparities experienced by rural residents, such as poorer health status, higher obesity prevalence, more with activity limitations, and higher mortality rates. The Chartbook seeks to expand the work of the National Healthcare Disparities Reports, issued annually by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. These Reports are limited in their discussion of disparities experienced by rural residents and present little data regarding disparities among rural minority populations. The present Chartbook expands upon prior work by examining potential disparities among rural populations in health, health behaviors, preventive services and diabetes care. Access to Specialty Health Care for Rural American Indians in Two States Date: 2008 Author(s): Baldwin LM, Hollow WB, Casey S, Hart LG, Larson EH, Moore K, Lewis E, Andrilla CHA, Grossman DC Research center: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center Topics: American Indians and Alaska Natives, Health services, Minority health Citation: Journal of Rural Health 24(3), 269-278 The Indian Health Service (IHS), whose per capita expenditure for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) health services is about half that of the US civilian population, is the only source of health care funding for many rural AI/ANs. Specialty services, largely funded through contracts with outside practitioners, may be limited by low IHS funding levels. This study outlines the examination of specialty service access among rural Indian populations in two states. Results indicate that limitations in specialty care access for rural Indian clinic patients appear to be influenced by financial constraints. Health care systems factors may play a role in perceived differences in specialty access between rural Indian and non-Indian clinic patients. 2007 Impact of Health Insurance Coverage on Native Elder Health: Implications for Addressing the Health Care Needs of Rural Native American Elders Date: 10 / 2007 Author(s): Alana Knudson, Mary Wakefield, Kyle Muus, Jacque Gray, Leander McDonald, Richard Ludtke, Gestur Davidson Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center Topics: American Indians and Alaska Natives, Health insurance and the uninsured, Minority health Report Number: Final Report No. 6 Examines health insurance coverage and access to health care among American Indian and Alaska Native elders (Native elders) -- defined as 55 years or older. Young elders, 55 to 64 years of age, are most likely to be uninsured with one-third reporting having no insurance, while 15% of older elders, 65 years of age and over, report they are uninsured. Uninsured Native elders are about twice as likely as insured Native elders to indicate they have no regular provider. In addition, one out of 10 Native elders report they were not able to get care when they needed it during the preceding 12 months. Reasons cited for not getting health care when it was needed included long waiting times, transportation problems, and cost. The authors conclude it is essential to develop policies that address the financial, geographical, and cultural aspects that negatively impact access to culturally appropriate healthcare. Full report available on request by contacting wopsahl@medicine.nodak.edu. Health Insurance Coverage and Access to Health Care for American Indian and Alaska Native Elders Date: 10 / 2007 Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center Topics: Aging, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Health insurance and the uninsured, Minority health Policy brief reporting findings from a study assessing health insurance coverage and access to health care among American Indian and Alaska Native elders (Native elders), using data from a national survey that included more than 8,300 Native elders. Use of Preventive Services Among Hispanic Sub-Groups: Does One Size Fit All? Date: 07 / 2007 Author(s): Myriam E. Torres, Jessica D. Bellinger, Janice C. Probst, Nusrat Harun, and Andrew O. Johnson Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Cultural competency, Health promotion and disease prevention, Hispanics, Minority health The Hispanic population, the largest and fastest growing minority group in the nation, is generally under-served with regard to health services. This executive summary includes results from the exploration of the use of preventive health services among Mexicans, Puerto-Ricans, Cubans, and "other" Latinos (persons from all other Spanish-speaking countries such as Spain, Central and South America) and examined how the use of preventive services was influenced by nation of origin and by rural versus urban residence. Use of Preventive Services Among Hispanic Sub-Groups: Does One Size Fit All? (Fact Sheet) Date: 2007 Author(s): Myriam E. Torres, Jessica D. Bellinger, Janice C. Probst, Nusrat Harun, and Andrew O. Johnson Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Cultural competency, Health promotion and disease prevention, Hispanics, Minority health This Fact Sheet provides key facts on preventive health services provided to rural Hispanics. 2006 Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Potentially Avoidable Delivery Complications Among Pregnant Medicaid Beneficiaries in South Carolina Date: 2006 Author(s): Sarah Laditka, James Laditka, Janice C. Probst Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: African Americans, Health disparities, Maternal and child health, Medicaid and S-CHIP, Minority health, Women Citation: Maternal and Child Health Journal, 10(4), 339-50 Examined access to health care during pregnancy for mothers insured by Medicaid as well as the risks of potentially avoidable maternity complications among rural and urban hospital deliveries for groups of mothers defined by race or ethnicity. Within groups defined by race or ethnicity, unadjusted rates for potentially avoidable maternity complications did not differ significantly by hospital location. Holding other factors constant, potentially avoidable maternity complications were less common in rural hospitals than in urban hospitals. In rural hospitals, African Americans had notably higher risk for potentially avoidable maternity complications than did non-Hispanic whites. The authors conclude that providers and policymakers should work to reduce the risks of potentially avoidable maternity complications for African American women in rural areas who are insured by Medicaid. Rural Residence and Hispanic Ethnicity: Doubly Disadvantaged for Diabetes? Date: 2006 Author(s): Richelle J. Koopman, Arch G. Mainous III, Mark E. Geesey Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Chronic diseases and conditions, Hispanics, Minority health Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 22(1), 63-8 Reports the results of a study to determine whether living in a rural area and being Hispanic confers special risks for diagnosis and control of diabetes. Health Risks Factors Among American Indians and Alaska Native Elders Date: 2006 Author(s): Leander McDonald, Richard Ludtke, Kyle Muus Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center Topics: Aging, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Minority health Citation: Journal of Native Aging and Health, July-August 2006, 1(2), 17-24 Chronic disease rates are higher among American Indian and Alaska Native elders although they exercise more and have higher rates of participation in multiple exercise activities. Research concerning the relationship between chronic disease and health risk factors is limited for American Indian and Alaska Native elder populations. This paper indicated results of an analysis of the effect of risk factors on chronic disease from a survey of 9,296 Native elders, representing 171 tribes from 88 sites. The sampling design employed systematic random sampling for larger tribes, with smaller tribes (fewer than 200) interviewing all or the majority of their elders. The data suggest that smokers, drinkers, and non-exercisers are at increase risk for chronic disease. Prevalence and Trends in Smoking: A National Rural Study Date: 2006 Author(s): Mark P. Doescher, J. Elizabeth Jackson, Anthony Jerant, L. Gary Hart Research center: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center Topics: Health promotion and disease prevention, Minority health, Substance abuse Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 22(2), 112-118 Reports the results of a study to estimate the prevalence of and recent trends in smoking among adults by type of rural location and by state. 2005 Trends in Uninsurance among Rural Minority Children Date: 10 / 2005 Author(s): Amy Martin, Janice C. Probst, Charity G. Moore, Daniel Patterson, Keith Elder Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: African Americans, Children, Health insurance and the uninsured, Hispanics, Minority health, Poverty Disparities in health insurance coverage for both minority and rural children persist, with children who are simultaneously minority race/ethnicity and living in rural areas being particularly disadvantaged. Using twenty-one years of data from the National Health Interview Survey to explore trends in health insurance and health services utilization for children between 1980 and 2001, and focusing on non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic African American, and Hispanic children, the authors found that rural children have been consistently less likely to have insurance than urban children, and minority status adds to the disparity. Several factors consistently influenced the odds that a child would lack health insurance, measured in 1980, 1986, 1994 and 2001. Compared to urban white children, rural white children and Hispanic children, both urban and rural, were more likely to lack insurance. Factors consistently associated with lack of health insurance, such as poverty, low education, and non-parental households, have been more prevalent among minority children since 1979, and remained so in 2001. Rural disadvantages for minority children are marked. Suicide in North Dakota: A Dialogue Across State and Tribal Boundaries Date: 10 / 2005 Author(s): Garth Kruger, Jacque Gray Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center Topics: Mental health, Minority health Report Number: Policy Brief Compared nationally, North Dakota ranks 13th in the nation for suicide (14.4 suicides per 1000,000 people). This policy brief looks at three broad areas in addressing this preventable tragedy: 1) an understanding of factors associated with suicide; 2) information about specific trends such as race, gender, location, and costs; 3) an awareness of suicide prevention strategies that address these factors through public policy and community action. Prevalence of Chronic Disease Among American Indian and Alaska Native Elders Date: 10 / 2005 Author(s): Patricia Moulton, Leander McDonald, Kyle Muus, Alana Knudson, Mary Wakefield, Richard Ludtke Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center Topics: Aging, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Chronic diseases and conditions, Minority health Examines chronic disease prevalence and functional limitations among American Indian/Alaska Natives by rurality, gender, age, health care access, and health behaviors. Includes policy recommendations. Disability Burdens among Older Americans Associated with Gender and Race/Ethnicity in Rural and Urban Areas Date: 09 / 2005 Author(s): James N. Laditka, Sarah B. Laditka, Bankole Olatosi, Keith T. Elder Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Disabilities, Minority health, Women No prior research has investigated differences in disability-free and disabled life expectancy associated with rural or urban residence. This report addresses this gap, and identifies differences in healthy life expectancy that may signal important policy needs. The authors examined total life expectancy, disability-free life expectancy, and disabled life expectancy, comparing people in rural and urban areas. These expectancy measures for subgroups of rural and urban areas were compared, distinguished by sex, race (white and African American) and educational attainment. The authors found that among a cohort of Americans aged 65 to 69 in 1982, in seven of the eight subgroups, individuals in rural areas lived longer lives than those in urban areas. Rural as compared to urban people lived (a) more disability-free years, (b) more disabled years, and (c) a notably greater percentage of their lives with a disability. There were striking differences among the high and low education groups, with individuals with more education living substantially longer, less disabled lives. Women lived longer, more disabled lives than men. For most subgroups, African Americans lived shorter, more disabled lives than whites. Trends in Uninsurance Among Rural Minority Children (Fact Sheet) Date: 2005 Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Children, Health insurance and the uninsured, Minority health Describes childhood disparities found in health insurance, health care utilization, and factors related to acquiring health insurance. Chronic Disease in American Indian/Alaska Native Elders Date: 2005 Author(s): Patricia L. Moulton, Leander R. McDonald, Kyle J. Muus, Alana D. Knudson, Richard L. Ludtke Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center Topics: American Indians and Alaska Natives, Chronic diseases and conditions, Minority health Citation: The IHS Primary Care Provider, 30(5), 53-54 Describes the prevalence of chronic diseases among Native American elders. Effects of Race and Poverty on Perceived Stress Among Rural Women Date: 2005 Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Charity G. Moore, Elizabeth G. Baxley Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Mental health, Minority health, Poverty, Women Citation: Coward RT, Davis LA et al, Eds., Rural women's health: Mental, behavioral and physical issues. p. 197-215. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company More Culturally Sensitive Neuropsychological Tests (and Normative Data) Needed Date: 2005 Author(s): F. Richard Ferraro, Leander R. McDonald Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center Topics: American Indians and Alaska Natives, Cultural competency, Minority health Citation: Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 19(2), 53 Discusses the need for culturally sensitive tests and normative data regarding the Native elder population. Chronic Disease and Functional Limitation Among American Indian and Alaska Native Elders Date: 2005 Author(s): Leander McDonald, Richard Ludtke, Kyle Muus Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center Topics: American Indians and Alaska Natives, Chronic diseases and conditions, Minority health Citation: Journal of Native Aging and Health, November-December 2005 Reports the results of an analysis of chronic disease's effect on functional limitation from a survey of 7,107 Native elders representing 143 tribes from 77 sites. 2004 Indian Health Care Improvement Act: Implications for North Dakota Tribes Date: 11 / 2004 Author(s): Francine McDonald Research center: Upper Midwest Rural Health Research Center Topics: American Indians and Alaska Natives, Legislation and regulation, Minority health Policy brief providing an overview of health care issues facing American Indians in North Dakota, with discussion of the impact of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act. Access to Specialty Health Care for Rural American Indians: Provider Perceptions in Two States Date: 10 / 2004 Author(s): Laura-Mae Baldwin, Waler B. Hollow, Susan Casey, L. Gary Hart, Eric H. Larson, Kelly Moore, Ervin Lewis, David C. Grossman Research center: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center Topics: American Indians and Alaska Natives, Health services, Minority health, Physicians Report Number: Working Paper No. 78 Examines access to specialty services among rural Indian populations in Montana and New Mexico, based on a survey sent to primary care providers addressing access to specialty physicians, perceived barriers to access, and access to nonphysician clinical services. Report available upon request by contacting rhrc@fammed.washington.edu. Mujer y Corazon: Community Health Workers and their Organizations in Colonias on the U.S.-Mexico Border Date: 10 / 2004 Author(s): Marlynn L. May, Ricardo B. Contreras, Linda Callejas, Elvia Ladezma Research center: Southwest Rural Health Research Center Topics: Border and international health, Hispanics, Minority health, Workforce Report Number: Policy Brief Reports the results of a study that analyzed the Community Health Worker (CHW) organizations and practices to learn how they work and why they are key resources in colonias for improving the health of the communities. The study also examined the relationships of the CHW with and their impact on the communities they serve, finding variation programmatically, structurally, and geographically. A full report is also available. Access To Dental Care For Rural Low Income And Minority Populations Date: 09 / 2004 Author(s): Michelle M. Casey, Gestur Davidson, Ira Moscovice, David Born Research center: Minnesota Rural Health Research Center Topics: Dental health, Minority health, Poverty Report Number: Working Paper No. 54 Using data from the 1999 National Health Interview Survey, this study examines the relationships between rural residence, income, race/ethnicity, and access to dental care. The study confirms that rural-urban disparities in access to dental care persist, and finds significant differences by race/ethnicity and income within rural populations in utilization of dental care, affording needed dental care, and dental insurance. Mujer Y Corazon: Community Health Workers and Their Organizations in Colonias on the US-Mexico Border: An Exploratory Study Date: 08 / 2004 Author(s): Marlynn L. May, Ricardo B. Contreras, Linda Callejas, Elvia Ledezma Research center: Southwest Rural Health Research Center Topics: Border and international health, Hispanics, Minority health, Workforce Reports the results of a study that analyzed the Community Health Worker (CHW) organizations and practices to learn how they work and why they are key resources in colonias for improving the health of the communities. The study also examined the relationships of the CHW with and their impact on the communities they serve, finding variation programmatically, structurally, and geographically. A policy brief is also available. Emergency Department Use by Medically Indigent Rural Residents (Fact Sheet) Date: 2004 Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Emergency medical services (EMS), Hospitals and clinics, Minority health An estimated 211 million emergency department visits were made across the United States during 1999 - 2000, 37 visits per 100 persons per year. Just under a quarter of these, 43 million visits, were made to rural emergency departments. 2003 Rural Minority Children's Access To And Timeliness Of Immunizations: 1993-2001 Date: 11 / 2003 Author(s): Arch G. Mainous III, Terrence E. Steyer, Mark E. Geesey Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Children, Health promotion and disease prevention, Minority health The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of pediatric health care provided to rural minorities using timeliness of immunization receipt as a marker for quality. Findings include: 1) Children living in rural areas are less likely to receive newly recommended vaccines within the first two years after introduction of the recommendation.; 2) There are no significant differences in the percentages of children up-to-date with their immunizations between Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics living in urban and rural areas.; 3) By 2001 lack of health insurance was the strongest predictor for children not receiving their immunizations in a timely manner.; 4) When using national surveys, there is significant year-to-year variation in the percentage of children who are up-to-date with their immunizations. Response of Local Health Care Systems in the Rural Midwest to a Growing Latino Population Date: 08 / 2003 Author(s): Michelle Casey, Lynn Blewett, Kathleen Call Research center: Minnesota Rural Health Research Center Topics: Cultural competency, Hispanics, Minority health Report Number: Working Paper No. 48 Reports on the case studies of rural communities in Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska, documenting successful strategies that could be adopted by other communities facing challenges to their local rural health care system in meeting the needs of a growing Latino population. High rates of uninsurance for Latinos, along with language and cultural barriers to care, have contributed to difficulties accessing health care in these communities. Prevalence of Health Related Behavioral Risk Factors Among Non-Metro Minority Adults Date: 08 / 2003 Author(s): P. Daniel Patterson, Charity G. Moore, Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Health promotion and disease prevention, Minority health, Substance abuse Data on tobacco use, seat belt use, and alcohol consumption among rural minority adults. Includes recommendations and detailed data tables. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease among Rural African Americans Date: 02 / 2003 Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: African Americans, Chronic diseases and conditions, Minority health Investigates the association of race and rural residence on rates of diagnosis of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and indicators of good medical control among people with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Finds that rural African Americans with diagnosed diabetes have significantly higher rates of problems associated with diabetes than do urban whites; that rural and urban African Americans are more likely than rural and urban whites to have undiagnosed diabetes; that rural African Americans with diagnosed hypertension are more likely than urban whites to still have elevated diastolic blood pressure; and that rural African Americans have the highest prevalence of undiagnosed diastolic hypertension. The study documents the need to improve access to health care services in rural areas. Access to Care among Rural Minorities: Working Age Adults Date: 01 / 2003 Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels, Charity G. Moore Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Health services, Minority health, Poverty Examines the prevalence of health insurance and the use of physician services in rural areas. Findings include that rural minorities are handicapped by poverty and lack of education; low income and low education levels in non-metro areas translate into jobs that do not offer health insurance; and although non-metro adults were less likely to have insurance than metropolitan residents, they were not less likely to see a physician, with some exceptions. Rural Minority Working Age Adults (Fact Sheet) Date: 2003 Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: African Americans, Health insurance and the uninsured, Hispanics, Minority health, Rural statistics and demographics Holding demographic considerations equal, rural residents are less likely to report having health insurance than urban residents. African Americans, Hispanics and persons of other race are all less likely to be insured than whites. The factors placing rural minorities at risk for lacking insurance include low income and low education. Demand For Medical Services Among Previously Uninsured Children: The Roles of Race and Rurality (Fact Sheet) Date: 2003 Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Children, Health insurance and the uninsured, Medicaid and S-CHIP, Minority health Fact sheet examining the use of medical services over nearly two years among newly insured and continuously insured children, ages six through twelve, in the CHIP and Medicaid programs in South Carolina and West Virginia. Rural Minority Elders (Fact Sheet) Date: 2003 Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Aging, Health insurance and the uninsured, Minority health, Rural statistics and demographics Fact sheet providing data on health status, health insurance coverage, education and income of rural elders. Rural Minority Children (Fact Sheet) Date: 2003 Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Children, Health insurance and the uninsured, Minority health, Rural statistics and demographics Fact sheet providing data on rural minority children's health insurance coverage, health care use, poverty and education. 2002 Hypertension, Diabetes, Cholesterol, Weight, and Weight Control Activities Among Non Metro Minority Adults Date: 12 / 2002 Author(s): P. Daniel Patterson, Charity G. Moore, Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Chronic diseases and conditions, Health disparities, Minority health, Obesity The 1998 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) included a detailed examination of preventive health problems and behaviors. This report uses data from the 1998 NHIS to examine the prevalence of selected problems among rural populations, with an emphasis on rural minorities. ?Rural? was defined, following NHIS guidelines, as living in a non-MSA county. Access to Care among Rural Minorities: Children Date: 11 / 2002 Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Charity Moore, Karin Willert Roof, Elizabeth G. Baxley, Michael E. Samuels Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Children, Minority health, Poverty Profiles the characteristics of non-metro children, their health insurance coverage, and their health care visits. Recommends a multi-faceted approach to ensure that non-metro children obtain appropriate levels of health care. Facets including retaining and expanding provision of care to indigent and low-income families, expanding insurance coverage, and addressing rural poverty. Access to Care Among Rural Minorities: Children (Appendix - Methods, Data Sources, and Detailed Tables) Date: 11 / 2002 Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Charity Moore, Karin Willert Roof, Elizabeth G. Baxley, Michael E. Samuels Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Children, Health disparities, Minority health Appendix of report on rural minority children and the factors affecting their health insurance coverage and health services use. Access to Care Among Rural Minorities: Older Adults Date: 10 / 2002 Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels, Charity G. Moore, Joette Gdovin Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Aging, Health disparities, Minority health, Poverty Profiles health status of, and use of physicians by, non-metro older adults. Programmatic recommendations based on the findings: maintain programs that encourage providers to practice in non-metro areas, pay particular attention to the problems of the near-poor African-American elderly, and foster coalitions linking providers with voluntary community-based organizations to increase support services to elderly non-metro populations. Access to Care Among Rural Minorities: Older Adults (Appendix - Methods, Data, and Detailed Tables) Date: 10 / 2002 Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels, Charity G. Moore, Joette Gdovin Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Aging, Health disparities, Minority health, Poverty Appendix of report on health status and health services use among poor and minority older adults in non-metro areas. Impacts of Multiple Race Reporting on Rural Health Policy and Data Analysis Date: 05 / 2002 Author(s): Randy Randolph, Rebecca Slifkin, Lynn Whitener, Anna Wulfsberg Research center: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center Topics: Health policy, Minority health Report Number: Working Paper No. 73 Examines some of the impacts to rural health analysis of new federal policy that allows people to choose one or more race categories when classifying themselves. Implementation of the new policy in the 2000 Census yields 63 possible combinations of race classification. Report also presents data on the number of persons choosing more than one race, discusses ways that analysts can handle the issues surrounding multiple race data, and compares several methods for bridging the change from the old single-race system to the new multiple-race system. Among its findings: rural Americans were less inclined to identify themselves as more than one race than were urban Americans; rural western residents were the only ones more inclined to choose multiple races than the rural average; and rural residents of Hawaii, Alaska, and Oklahoma were the most likely to identify with multiple races while those of Mississippi, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina were the least likely to do so. Minorities in Rural America: An Overview of Population Characteristics Date: 01 / 2002 Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels, Kristen P. Jespersen, Karin Willert, R. Suzanne Swann, Joshua A. McDuffie Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Minority health, Rural statistics and demographics Presents an overview of demographic and economic statistics pertaining to rural minority populations and addresses the following questions: Where do rural minorities live? How is the rural minority population distributed across ages and sexes? What is the economic structure of rural, minority communities? What health resources are available in rural, minority communities? Findings pertaining to each minority group are presented in separate chapters. Based on the findings, the authors make several recommendations regarding issues ranging from program participation to infrastructure to research. Minorities in Rural America: Appendix C Economic Patterns in Non-Metro America Date: 2002 Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels, Kristen P. Jespersen, Karin Willert, R. Suzanne Swann, Joshua A. McDuffie Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Minority health, Rural statistics and demographics Appendix to report on an overview of demographic and economic statistics pertaining to rural minority populations. Focuses on economic status and health services infrastructure. Minorities in Rural America: Appendix B Map Supplement Date: 2002 Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels, Kristen P. Jespersen, Karin Willert, R. Suzanne Swann, Joshua A. McDuffie Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Minority health, Rural statistics and demographics Appendix to report on overview of demographic and economic statistics pertaining to rural minority populations. Maps. Minorities in Rural America: Appendix A Description of Method and Supporting Tables Tables Ordered by Chapter Date: 2002 Author(s): Janice C. Probst, Michael E. Samuels, Kristen P. Jespersen, Karin Willert, R. Suzanne Swann, Joshua A. McDuffie Research center: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Topics: Minority health, Rural statistics and demographics Appendix of a report that gives an overview of demographic and economic statistics pertaining to rural minority populations. 2001 Proximity of Rural African American and Hispanic/Latino Communities to Physicians and Hospital Services Date: 06 / 2001 Author(s): Donald E. Pathman, Thomas R. Konrad, Robert Schwartz Research center: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center Topics: African Americans, Health services, Hispanics, Minority health, Physicians Report Number: Working Paper No. 72 Assesses how local physician concentrations and distances to hospitals differ for rural communities of varying African American and Hispanic/Latino compositions. Uses data at the town-area level for nine southern and six western states to compare town-areas with low, medium, and high proportions of African Americans and Hispanics on their local physician-to-population ratios and distances to nearest hospital offering each of four levels of services. Among the findings are that rural Hispanics, but not African Americans, face longer travel distances to physicians, and both groups face longer distances to some types of hospital services than do non-minority rural individuals. Proximity of Rural Black and Hispanic/Latino Communities to Physicians and Hospital Services Date: 05 / 2001 Author(s): Donald E. Pathman, Thomas R. Konrad, Robert Schwartz Research center: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center Topics: African Americans, Health services, Hispanics, Hospitals and clinics, Minority health, Physicians This brief reports the findings of a study of how the African American and Hispanic/ Latino composition of rural communities relates to local physician concentrations, and relates to distances to hospitals offering various levels of services. 2000 Race and Place: Urban-Rural Differences in Health for Racial and Ethnic Minorities Date: 03 / 2000 Author(s): Rebecca T. Slifkin, Laurie J. Goldsmith, Thomas C. Ricketts, Research center: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center Topics: AIDS and HIV, Chronic diseases and conditions, Health disparities, Health promotion and disease prevention, Minority health This findings brief investigates urban-rural disparities for racial and ethnic minorities in six health areas: infant mortality, cancer screening and management, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, HIV infection, and child and adult immunizations. Related Topics These related topics also list publications: African Americans (14 items) American Indians and Alaska Natives (17 items) Hispanics (18 items)

Minority health

Publications

2011

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

Related Topics