Andrea Radford, DrPH

North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center

Phone: 919.966.7922
E-mail: aradford@schsr.unc.edu

Current Projects (1)

Use of Rural Health Clinics by Medicare Beneficiaries
Research center: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Funder: Office of Rural Health Policy (ORHP)
Topics: Medicare, Rural Health Clinics (RHCs)
Determination of Medicare beneficiaries’ utilization of available RHCs and development of a descriptive profile of Medicare beneficiaries who utilize RHCs including both geographic and diagnostic elements and a comparison to Medicare beneficiaries who utilize FQHCs.

Completed Projects (1)

Rural Hospital Participation in the 340B Drug Discount Program
Research centers: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center, Walsh Center for Rural Health Analysis
Funder: Office of Rural Health Policy (ORHP)
Topics: Hospitals and clinics, Pharmacy and prescription drugs
The 340B drug discount program enables certain types of safety net organizations to obtain deeply discounted medications, at prices below the 'best price' typically offered to Medicaid agencies. This study used telephone interviews and mail surveys to explore the experiences that rural hospitals have had in seeking 340B eligibility status.

Publications (9)

Effect of Medicare Part D Plan Switching and Formulary Changes on Sole Community Pharmacies and the Patients They Serve
Author(s): Michelle Lampman, Andrea Radford, Anh Nguyen
Research centers: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center, Rural Policy Research Institute (RUPRI) Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis
Topic: Pharmacy and prescription drugs
Date: 03 / 2010
Presents findings from a 2008 survey of 401 pharmacist-owners of sole community independent pharmacies.
Experience of Rural Independent Pharmacies With Medicare Part D: Reports From the Field
Author(s): Andrea Radford, Rebecca Slifkin, Roslyn Fraser, Michelle Mason, Keith Mueller
Research centers: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center, Rural Policy Research Institute (RUPRI) Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis
Topics: Medicare Part D, Pharmacy and prescription drugs
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 23(4), 286�293
Date: 2007
Describes first-hand reports from rural pharmacist-owners about their experiences with Medicare Part D plans in the first 7 months of 2006 in order to gain a more thorough understanding of the challenges faced by rural independent pharmacies as a result of program implementation.
Key Role of Sole Community Pharmacists in Their Local Healthcare Delivery Systems
Author(s): Andrea Radford, Indira Richardson, Michelle Mason, Stephen Rutledge
Research center: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Topics: Pharmacy and prescription drugs, Workforce
Date: 03 / 2009
This findings brief presents findings from a 2008 survey of 401 community pharmacists that are the only retail provider in their community to document their extended relationships with other health care providers and the additional health care services these pharmacists provide to their patients. Pharmacist-owners in independent pharmacies located at least 10 miles from the next closest retail pharmacy were interviewed to determine the presence in their community of other types of health care organizations that require pharmaceutical support(such as hospitals, long-term care facilities, hospice providers, home health agencies and community health centers), their level of involvement with those facilities, and the types of clinical services (other than dispensing and counseling) the pharmacists offered to their own patients.
One Year In: Sole Community Rural Independent Pharmacies and Medicare Part D (Final Report)
Author(s): Andrea Radford, Michelle Mason, Indira Richardson, Stephan Rutledge, Stephanie Poley, Keith Mueller, Rebecca Slifkin
Research centers: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center, Rural Policy Research Institute (RUPRI) Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis
Topics: Medicare Part D, Pharmacy and prescription drugs
Report Number: Final Report No. 92 (NC), Final Report No. P2007-1 (RUPRI)
Date: 09 / 2007
Describes the experiences of 51 rural independently-owned pharmacies that are the sole providers of pharmacy services in their community one year after implementation of the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit. A findings brief is also available. Funded by the Office of Rural Health Policy: Cooperative Agreement for Rapid Response to Issue-Specific Rural Research
One Year In: Sole Community Rural Independent Pharmacies and Medicare Part D (Findings Brief)
Author(s): Andrea Radford, Michelle Mason, Indira Richardson, Stephan Rutledge, Stephanie Poley, Keith Mueller, Rebecca Slifkin
Research centers: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center, Rural Policy Research Institute (RUPRI) Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis
Topics: Medicare Part D, Pharmacy and prescription drugs
Report Number: Findings Brief No. 83
Date: 10 / 2007
Describes the experiences of 51 rural independently-owned pharmacies that are the sole providers of pharmacy services in their community one year after implementation of the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit. A final report is also available. Funded by the Office of Rural Health Policy: Cooperative Agreement for Rapid Response to Issue-Specific Rural Research
Profile of Sole Community Pharmacists' Prescription Sales and Overall Financial Position
Author(s): Andrea Radford, Michelle Lampman, Indira Richardson, Stephen Rutledge
Research center: Rapid Response to Requests for Rural Data Analysis
Topic: Pharmacy and prescription drugs
Date: 08 / 2009
Sole community independent pharmacists provide essential services to residents of small towns and isolated communities. In an effort to document the role sole community pharmacies play in their local health care system and to monitor their financial and operational status we conducted a survey in 2008 of 401 community pharmacists that owned the only retail outlet in their community. Pharmacist-owners in independent pharmacies located at least 10 miles from the next closest retail pharmacy were interviewed to determine their reliance on prescription sales and to understand their store's current financial position.
Rural Hospitals' Experience with the 340B Drug Pricing Program
Author(s): Claudia Schur, Karen Cheung, Andrea Radford, Rebecca Slifkin
Research centers: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center, Walsh Center for Rural Health Analysis
Topics: Hospitals and clinics, Pharmacy and prescription drugs
Date: 09 / 2007
Policy brief describing the results of surveys of rural hospitals participating in the 340B drug pricing program and of rural eligible but non-participating hospitals. Includes information on factors affecting participation in the program and the benefits and challenges of participation.
States' Use of Cost-Based Reimbursement for Medicaid Services at Critical Access Hospitals
Author(s): Andrea Radford, Mike Hamon, Caitlin Nelligan
Research center: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Topics: Critical Access Hospitals and Rural Hospital Flexibility Program, Medicaid and S-CHIP, Medicare
Date: 04 / 2010
Critical Access Hospitals (CAH) are reimbursed by Medicare at 101% of allowable cost for both inpatient and outpatient services. State Medicaid agencies however are not required to reimburse CAHs on a cost-basis and have flexibility in determining how CAHs are paid for providing services to Medicaid enrollees. This brief documents which states utilize a cost-based reimbursement methodology for Medicaid.
Workforce Issues Among Sole Community Pharmacies
Author(s): Donald Klepser, Michelle Lampman, Andrea Radford, Indira Richardson, Stephen Rutledge
Research centers: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center, Rural Policy Research Institute (RUPRI) Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis
Topics: Pharmacy and prescription drugs, Workforce
Date: 07 / 2009
Pharmacy services are delivered through a sole community pharmacy in over 1000 small rural communities nationwide. This brief presents the findings from 401 telephone interviews of sole community pharmacist-owners nationwide about their current staffing and future plans. Thirty-three percent of those interviewed have one or fewer pharmacist FTEs on staff. Thirty percent of those interviewed would like to retire in five years or fewer, and most would like to sell their pharmacies upon retirement. This brief explores the shared experiences of sole community pharmacist-owners regarding the challenges facing the pharmacy workforce in their communities and their concerns about their pharmacy's future.

Topics Centers Researchers Other Resources Search		Andrea Radford, DrPH North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center Phone: 919.966.7922 E-mail: aradford@schsr.unc.edu Current Projects (1) Use of Rural Health Clinics by Medicare Beneficiaries Research center: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center Funder: Office of Rural Health Policy (ORHP) Topics: Medicare, Rural Health Clinics (RHCs) Determination of Medicare beneficiaries’ utilization of available RHCs and development of a descriptive profile of Medicare beneficiaries who utilize RHCs including both geographic and diagnostic elements and a comparison to Medicare beneficiaries who utilize FQHCs. Completed Projects (1) Rural Hospital Participation in the 340B Drug Discount Program Research centers: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center, Walsh Center for Rural Health Analysis Funder: Office of Rural Health Policy (ORHP) Topics: Hospitals and clinics, Pharmacy and prescription drugs The 340B drug discount program enables certain types of safety net organizations to obtain deeply discounted medications, at prices below the 'best price' typically offered to Medicaid agencies. This study used telephone interviews and mail surveys to explore the experiences that rural hospitals have had in seeking 340B eligibility status. Publications (9) Effect of Medicare Part D Plan Switching and Formulary Changes on Sole Community Pharmacies and the Patients They Serve Author(s): Michelle Lampman, Andrea Radford, Anh Nguyen Research centers: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center, Rural Policy Research Institute (RUPRI) Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis Topic: Pharmacy and prescription drugs Date: 03 / 2010 Presents findings from a 2008 survey of 401 pharmacist-owners of sole community independent pharmacies. Experience of Rural Independent Pharmacies With Medicare Part D: Reports From the Field Author(s): Andrea Radford, Rebecca Slifkin, Roslyn Fraser, Michelle Mason, Keith Mueller Research centers: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center, Rural Policy Research Institute (RUPRI) Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis Topics: Medicare Part D, Pharmacy and prescription drugs Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 23(4), 286�293 Date: 2007 Describes first-hand reports from rural pharmacist-owners about their experiences with Medicare Part D plans in the first 7 months of 2006 in order to gain a more thorough understanding of the challenges faced by rural independent pharmacies as a result of program implementation. Key Role of Sole Community Pharmacists in Their Local Healthcare Delivery Systems Author(s): Andrea Radford, Indira Richardson, Michelle Mason, Stephen Rutledge Research center: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center Topics: Pharmacy and prescription drugs, Workforce Date: 03 / 2009 This findings brief presents findings from a 2008 survey of 401 community pharmacists that are the only retail provider in their community to document their extended relationships with other health care providers and the additional health care services these pharmacists provide to their patients. Pharmacist-owners in independent pharmacies located at least 10 miles from the next closest retail pharmacy were interviewed to determine the presence in their community of other types of health care organizations that require pharmaceutical support(such as hospitals, long-term care facilities, hospice providers, home health agencies and community health centers), their level of involvement with those facilities, and the types of clinical services (other than dispensing and counseling) the pharmacists offered to their own patients. One Year In: Sole Community Rural Independent Pharmacies and Medicare Part D (Final Report) Author(s): Andrea Radford, Michelle Mason, Indira Richardson, Stephan Rutledge, Stephanie Poley, Keith Mueller, Rebecca Slifkin Research centers: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center, Rural Policy Research Institute (RUPRI) Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis Topics: Medicare Part D, Pharmacy and prescription drugs Report Number: Final Report No. 92 (NC), Final Report No. P2007-1 (RUPRI) Date: 09 / 2007 Describes the experiences of 51 rural independently-owned pharmacies that are the sole providers of pharmacy services in their community one year after implementation of the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit. A findings brief is also available. Funded by the Office of Rural Health Policy: Cooperative Agreement for Rapid Response to Issue-Specific Rural Research One Year In: Sole Community Rural Independent Pharmacies and Medicare Part D (Findings Brief) Author(s): Andrea Radford, Michelle Mason, Indira Richardson, Stephan Rutledge, Stephanie Poley, Keith Mueller, Rebecca Slifkin Research centers: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center, Rural Policy Research Institute (RUPRI) Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis Topics: Medicare Part D, Pharmacy and prescription drugs Report Number: Findings Brief No. 83 Date: 10 / 2007 Describes the experiences of 51 rural independently-owned pharmacies that are the sole providers of pharmacy services in their community one year after implementation of the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit. A final report is also available. Funded by the Office of Rural Health Policy: Cooperative Agreement for Rapid Response to Issue-Specific Rural Research Profile of Sole Community Pharmacists' Prescription Sales and Overall Financial Position Author(s): Andrea Radford, Michelle Lampman, Indira Richardson, Stephen Rutledge Research center: Rapid Response to Requests for Rural Data Analysis Topic: Pharmacy and prescription drugs Date: 08 / 2009 Sole community independent pharmacists provide essential services to residents of small towns and isolated communities. In an effort to document the role sole community pharmacies play in their local health care system and to monitor their financial and operational status we conducted a survey in 2008 of 401 community pharmacists that owned the only retail outlet in their community. Pharmacist-owners in independent pharmacies located at least 10 miles from the next closest retail pharmacy were interviewed to determine their reliance on prescription sales and to understand their store's current financial position. Rural Hospitals' Experience with the 340B Drug Pricing Program Author(s): Claudia Schur, Karen Cheung, Andrea Radford, Rebecca Slifkin Research centers: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center, Walsh Center for Rural Health Analysis Topics: Hospitals and clinics, Pharmacy and prescription drugs Date: 09 / 2007 Policy brief describing the results of surveys of rural hospitals participating in the 340B drug pricing program and of rural eligible but non-participating hospitals. Includes information on factors affecting participation in the program and the benefits and challenges of participation. States' Use of Cost-Based Reimbursement for Medicaid Services at Critical Access Hospitals Author(s): Andrea Radford, Mike Hamon, Caitlin Nelligan Research center: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center Topics: Critical Access Hospitals and Rural Hospital Flexibility Program, Medicaid and S-CHIP, Medicare Date: 04 / 2010 Critical Access Hospitals (CAH) are reimbursed by Medicare at 101% of allowable cost for both inpatient and outpatient services. State Medicaid agencies however are not required to reimburse CAHs on a cost-basis and have flexibility in determining how CAHs are paid for providing services to Medicaid enrollees. This brief documents which states utilize a cost-based reimbursement methodology for Medicaid. Workforce Issues Among Sole Community Pharmacies Author(s): Donald Klepser, Michelle Lampman, Andrea Radford, Indira Richardson, Stephen Rutledge Research centers: North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center, Rural Policy Research Institute (RUPRI) Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis Topics: Pharmacy and prescription drugs, Workforce Date: 07 / 2009 Pharmacy services are delivered through a sole community pharmacy in over 1000 small rural communities nationwide. This brief presents the findings from 401 telephone interviews of sole community pharmacist-owners nationwide about their current staffing and future plans. Thirty-three percent of those interviewed have one or fewer pharmacist FTEs on staff. Thirty percent of those interviewed would like to retire in five years or fewer, and most would like to sell their pharmacies upon retirement. This brief explores the shared experiences of sole community pharmacist-owners regarding the challenges facing the pharmacy workforce in their communities and their concerns about their pharmacy's future.